Fnm 033 Histology Of The Gastro-Intestinal Tract

Front 1

What type of epithelium is present in the oesophagus?

Back 1

Stratified squamous epithelium

Front 2

This region of the GIT contains mucous surface and mucous neck cells

Back 2

The stomach (part that performs protective functions)

Front 3

What is the type of epithelium present in all regions of the GIT after the oesophagus (which is stratified squamous)

Back 3

Simple columnar

Front 4

Enterocytes perform a(n) absorptive/protective/secretory function

Back 4

Absorptive

Front 5

Goblet cells perform a(n) absorptive/protective/secretory function

Back 5

Protective

Front 6

Where are Brunner's glands and Paneth cells located within the GIT?

What kind of function (absorptive/protective/secretory) do they have?

Back 6

The duodenum (these cells perform a secretory function)

Front 7

MALT is a component of GALT T/F

Back 7

F - GALT (gut-associated LT) is a component of MALT (mucosa-associated LT)

Front 8

Lymphoid tissue is found in aggregates distributed in the SUBMUCOSA T/F

Back 8

T

Front 9

What is lymphoid tissue?

Back 9

A type of tissue concerned with immune functions in defending the body against the infections and spread of tumors.

It consists of connective tissue with various types of white blood cells enmeshed in it, most numerous being the lymphocytes.

e.g. the thymus is a type of lymphoid tissue (primary lymphoid tissue)

Front 10

A type of tissue concerned with immune functions in defending the body against the infections and spread of tumors.

It consists of connective tissue with various types of white blood cells enmeshed in it, most numerous being the lymphocytes.

Back 10

Lymphoid tissue

Front 11

Lymphoid tissue runs through the whole of the GIT apart from the oesophagus T/F

Back 11

F, from oesophagus to anus

Front 12

Is lymphoid tissue located in the mucosa, or submucosa?

Back 12

submucosa (Layer of the GIT that supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle)

Front 13

Layer of the GIT that supports the mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk of underlying smooth muscle

Layer of dense irregular connective tissue or loose connective tissue

Back 13

Submucosa

Front 14

What comprises submucosa?

Back 14

Irregular connective tissue or loose connective tissue

Front 15

In the small and large intestine, Peyer's patches are small, discrete clusters of lymphoid _______

Back 15

In the small and large intestine, Peyer's patches are small, discrete clusters of lymphoid NODULES

Front 16

This layer of the GIT has muscularis mucosae

Epithelium, CT and glands

Back 16

Mucosa

Front 17

This layer of the GIT contains the submucosal plexus of the ENS

CT and glands

Back 17

Submucosa

Front 18

This layer of the GIT contains the myenteric plexus of the ENS

Longditudinal and circular smooth muscle

Back 18

Muscularis externa

Front 19

This layer of the GIT contains fat

Nerves, blood vessels and CT

Back 19

Serosa/Adventitia

Front 20

What are the main layers of the gut wall, from inside to out? (4)

Back 20

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa/adventitia

Front 21

Mucosa and mucous are the same T/F

Back 21

F! Mucosa = A layer of the GIT
Mucous = A slippery secretion produced by, and covering, mucosa (aka mucous membranes)


1110050311 - 8 months, no internet, was locked out

Front 22

A given mucosa can be either absorptive, secretory or protective - but not a combination of these T/F

Back 22

F - can be a combination

Front 23

What are 'rugae'?

Back 23

A term used in anatomy that refers to *a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ.*

Most commonly the term is applied to the internal surface of the stomach (gastric rugae)

Front 24

What is the function of 'ruga'?

Back 24

To increase the surface area of mucosa

Front 25

When talking about 'ruga' - what is one normally referring to?

Back 25

The internal surface of the stomach

Remember, rugae are a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ

Front 26

How many layers of muscle are present in the muscularis externa?

Back 26

Three.

Has 'oblique muscle' in addition to the usual longitudinal and circular.

Oblique muscle assists in churning movements of the stomach

Front 27

This muscle layer of the muscularis externa assists in churning movements of the stomach

Back 27

Oblique muscle (most layers have only two types of muscle - longitudinal and circular)

Front 28

The *3*rd most peripheral layer of the gut wall, it has *3* layers of muscle

Back 28

The muscularis externa

Three layers are: longitudinal, circular and oblique (most layers don't have oblique)

Front 29

Mucosa is densely glandular T/F

Back 29

T

Front 30

Submucosa is primarily composed of _____ connective tissue containing:

Blood vessels
Lymphatic vessels
Nerves

Back 30

Submucosa is primarily composed of LOOSE connective tissue containing:

Blood vessels
Lymphatic vessels
Nerves

Front 31

Where do the glands of the mucosa empty into? Where do these structure then feed into?

Back 31

Mucosal glands --> Gastric pits --> Lumen

Front 32

This layer consists of three layers of muscle. In addition to the usual longitudinal muscle and circular muscle there is in inner layer of oblique muscle, which assists in the churning movements of the stomach

Back 32

Muscularis externa

Front 33

Fairly thin, except under the rugae, and is composed mostly of loose connective tissue containing the services:

Blood vessels of various sizes and categories

Lymphatic vessels

Nerves

Back 33

Submucosa

Front 34

Densely glandular, with numerous simple tubular glands that empty into gastric pits, which in turn empty into the lumen

Back 34

Mucosa

Front 35

The component of the mucosa lying between the muscularis mucosae and the basal lamina of the epithelium, that consists of CT and all its inclusions (blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, smooth muscle fibres, nerve fibres). It is very much reduced in the stomach

Back 35

Lamina propria

Front 36

These are coiled tubes that enter gastric pits, occupying the bottom 2/3 of mucosa

Back 36

Gastric glands

Front 37

What kind of cells comprise gastric pits?

Back 37

Mucous surface cells (large and deep) and mucous neck cells (small and short)

Front 38

Gastric juice is secreted from gastric glands T/F

Back 38

T

Front 39

What are gastric pits?

Back 39

Indentations in the stomach which denote entrances to the tubular shaped gastric glands. They are deeper in the pylorus than they are in the other parts of the stomach.

Front 40

Indentations in the stomach which denote entrances to the tubular shaped gastric glands. They are deeper in the pylorus than they are in the other parts of the stomach.

Back 40

Gastric pits

Front 41

Mucous surface cells comprise what kind of structure that empties into the lumen of the GIT?

Back 41

Gastric pits

Front 42

What is a parietal cell/oxyntic cell?

Back 42

Stomach epithelium cells that secrete gastric acid and intrinsic factor.

Front 43

Stomach epithelium cells that secrete gastric acid and intrinsic factor.

Back 43

Parietal/oxyntic cell

Front 44

What is intrinsic factor?

Back 44

A glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 later on in the terminal ileum.

Front 45

A glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 later on in the terminal ileum.

Back 45

Intrinsic factor

Front 46

Intrinsic factor allows the absorption of vitamin B12 T/F

Back 46

T - in the lower ilium