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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of gut motility?
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Mixing and propulsion of contents
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What can affect gut motility (i.e. smooth muscle activity) (3)
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The ENS
The ANS Hormones |
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Define 'deglutition'
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The process of swallowing
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What are the phases of swallowing (deglutition)
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Oral (voluntary)
Pharangeal (involuntary) Oesophageal (involuntary) |
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The swalling reflex doesn't actuall inhibit respiration T/F
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F
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A reservoir that regulates intragastric pressure by receptive relaxation (inhibition of smooth muscle activity when food enters the stomach)
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Proximal motor unit of the stomach
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Which parts of the stomach comprise the proximal motor unit?
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The fundus and body
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What is 'receptive relaxation' wrt the stomach?
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Inhibition of smooth muscle activity when food enters the stomach
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'Inhibition of smooth muscle activity when food enters the stomach' is known as
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Receptive relaxation
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What are the components of the distal motor unit of the stomach?
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Antrum and pylrous
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'Mixing of chyme with gastric secretions' is a function of the proximal motor unit of the stomach T/F
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F, function of the distal
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The distal motor unit of the stomach acts are a peristaltic pump for outgoing chyme T/F
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T
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Food entering the stomach causes relaxation of proximal motor units. What effect does this have wrt intragastric pressure?
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It remains relatively constant (<5 mmHg)
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Which two factors affect the rate of gastric emptying?
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Pressure across pyloric sphincter (largely determined by intragastric pressure)
Patency (openness) of pyloric sphincter relative to particle size |
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Is rate of emptying of liquids dependent more on pressure across the pyloric sphincter, or on the patency (openness) of the pyloric sphincter?
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Pressure across pyloric sphincter (a bit counterintuitive!)
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What factors would reduce emptying of chyme in the small intestine? Wrt: Tonicity, pH, fat content
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Hypotonic chyme
Low pH High fat |
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Define 'emesis'
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The action or process of vomiting
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Which area of the brain controls emesis/vomiting?
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The medulla (the 'vomiting centre')
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What is an 'emetic'?
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A substance that induces vomiting when administered orally or by injection.
An emetic is used medically where a substance has been ingested and must be expelled from the body immediately (for this reason, many toxic and easily digestible products such as rat poison contain an emetic). |
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A substance that induces vomiting when administered orally or by injection.
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An emetic
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What kind of movements are 'segmentation' movements, wrt small intestine motility, and what is peristalsis?
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Segmentation (mixing movements)
Peristalsis (propulsive movement) |
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What initiates the peristaltic reflex?
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Distension of the gut wall by a luminal bolus (a ball-shaped mass moving through the digestive tract)
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What is a 'bolus' wrt digestion, and why is it important?
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A ball-shaped mass moving through the digestive tract, it is important in initiating the peristaltic reflex
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Motilin stimulates the inhibition of pepsin T/F
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F, it stimulates the secretion of pepsin
Motilin is also called "Housekeeper of the gut" because it improves peristalsis in the small intestine and clears out the gut to prepare for the next meal |
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What is the 'ileal brake'?
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A reflex which reduces proximal GI motility when abnormal levels of nutrient (esp fat) reach the lower ileum
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A reflex which reduces proximal GI motility when abnormal levels of nutrient (esp fat) reach the lower ileum'
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Ileal break
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Intramurla nerves are absent or defective in Hirschprung's disease T/F
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T
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The rectum, oddly, is nomrally empty T/F
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T - defaecation occurs in response to sudden distension of the rectal wall 0 caused by propulsive movements in the *sigmoid colon*
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