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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Is nutrition important prior to conception? |
Yes! There are prenatal nutrition guidelines. Healthy lifestyle = healthy pregnancy outcome |
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WHAT ARE POOR PREGNANCY OUTCOMES ATTRIBUTED TO? |
LIFESTYLE AND NUTRITION |
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HOW DOES BEING OVERWEIGHT AFFECT PREGNANCY? |
DECREASED FERTILITY, GESTATIONAL DIABETES, LARGE BABY, MISCARRIAGES, STILLBIRTHS |
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HOW DOES A FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY AFFECT PREGNANCY? |
RISK OF NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS AFFECTING BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD DEVELOPMENT |
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HOW DOES ALCOHOL USE AFFECT PREGNANCY? |
INCREASED RISK OF NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES AND FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDER |
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HOW MANY KCALS ARE REQUIRED IN THE 2ND AND 3RD TRIMESTER? |
2ND: +340 KCAL/DAY 3RD: +450 KCAL/DAY *KCALS DON'T CHANGE DURING FIRST* |
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WHAT IS THE PREGNANCY WEIGHT GAIN? |
BASED ON THE PRE-PREGNANCY WEIGHT USUALLY 10LB BY 20WKS 1LB/WEEK AFTER |
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WHAT ARE THE RISKS FOR EXCESSIVE WEIGHT GAIN? |
WEIGHT RETENTION LARGE WEIGHT BABY DELIVERY AND POST COMPLICATIONS CHILDHOOD OVERWEIGHT |
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WHAT ARE THE RISK FOR INADEQUATE GAIN? |
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABY PRETERM DELIVERY POOR HEALING POST-PARTUM |
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WHAT ARE THE NEEDS OF PROTEIN? |
+ 25g/day Building blocks for fetal tissue and structures |
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What are the needs for carbohydrates? |
>= 175g/day For mother and fetus glucose needs |
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What are the needs for fat? |
~300mg/day Cell membrane, brain development |
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Why is folic acid important? |
Cell division, RBC Neural tube 600mcg/day |
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Why is Calcium important? |
Mineralization of fetal bones 1000mg/day |
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Why is Vit D important? |
Fetal growth and bone mineralization 200IU/day |
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Why is Iron important? |
Hemoglobin production Supports Iron needs of fetus, placenta, umbilical cord 30mg/day |
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How many servings of each food group should pregnant women get? |
2-3 extra servings of each |
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What eating-related disorder is most often occurring in pregnancy? |
PICA |
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What are TERATOGENS? |
Substances harmful to a developing fetus ex. alcohol, caffeine, supplements |
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What are the effects of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder? |
Brain damage, facial abnormalities, learning disabilities, language and social problems |
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What are the effects of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome? |
More severe... Growth retardation, facial abnormalities |
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What are the effects of caffeine consumption? |
Delayed conception, miscarriage, LBW, decreased Iron absorption Limit of 300mg/day |
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What are the effects of supplements? |
Caution recommended |
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What is hyperemesis? |
Nausea and Vomiting Persistent vomiting can lead to dehydration and required medical attention |
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What is some advice an RN can give to women having nausea and vomiting? |
Avoid heavy/greasy/strong foods Limit liquid to between meals Dry carbs (crackers, melba toast, rice, noodles) Ginger (tea, ale, candied) |
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What is the percentage of women who experience morning sickness? |
80% |
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Why would pregnant women experience constipation? |
Limited fiber intake, low physical activity, not enough Fe supplements |
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What can nurses do to make sure pregnant women do not become constipated? |
Assess Fe compliance with supplements or explore alternate forms Recommend fluids and fiber Refer woman to RD if needed |
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Why can obesity increase the risk of an unhealthy pregnancy? |
Congenital malformations, macrosomnia, abortion, gestational diabetes, C-delivery and complications Difficulty monitoring fetal development and HR |
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Why can diabetes increase the risk of an unhealthy pregnancy? |
Uncontrolled blood sugars can cause miscarriage or stillbirth |
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What are some interventions we can do for pregnant women with diabetes? |
Have risk assessed at 1st prenatal visit; 24-28wks gestational screening Followed by Diabetes Education Center |
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How can eating disorders affect a pregnancy? |
Risk of miscarriage, LBW, hyperemesis, c-delivery |
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What should nurses do when involved with a pregnant woman with an eating disorder? |
Screen for symptoms Collaborate w/ healthcare team |
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How does phenylketonuria increase the risk of an unhealthy pregnancy? |
growth retardation, delayed development, congenital heart disease |
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How can we help a woman with phenylketonuria and who is pregnant? |
Low phenylalanine diet Monitor blood levels |
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How can Gestational Hypertension increase the risk of an unhealthy pregnancy? |
Growth retardation Preterm delivery |
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What are the recommendations for breastfeeding timeline? |
breastfeeding 1st six months introduce complementary foods at 6 months to 1 year |
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What does breastmilk contain? |
Caseins, lactalbumin, immunoglobulins Lactose, glucose, galactose (carbs) Vitamins Fat and Water |
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What are some nutrients important for infants? |
Vit D by 2 months B12 dependent on maternal intake Fe fortified cereal by 6 months |
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How much fluid should a lactating mother receive a day? |
3.1 - 3.8L/day |
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How does alcohol affect breast milk? |
Diffuses into breast milk within 1 hour of consumption Wait 2 hours after drinking to breastfeed |
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How can RNs help educate women on nutrition's role in pregnancy? |
-Preconception care -Balanced diet -Increase in energy intake -Vitamins and Minerals -Exercise -Appropriate weight gain -Medical conditions that need nutrition to be kept under control |
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What can RNs outline the need for? |
There is a nutrient & lifestyle change Positive effects when followed guidelines Avoiding exposure to teratogens Benefits of breastfeeding |