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43 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Is nutrition important prior to conception?

Yes! There are prenatal nutrition guidelines.


Healthy lifestyle = healthy pregnancy outcome

WHAT ARE POOR PREGNANCY OUTCOMES ATTRIBUTED TO?

LIFESTYLE AND NUTRITION



HOW DOES BEING OVERWEIGHT AFFECT PREGNANCY?

DECREASED FERTILITY, GESTATIONAL DIABETES, LARGE BABY, MISCARRIAGES, STILLBIRTHS

HOW DOES A FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY AFFECT PREGNANCY?

RISK OF NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS AFFECTING BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD DEVELOPMENT

HOW DOES ALCOHOL USE AFFECT PREGNANCY?

INCREASED RISK OF NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES AND FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDER

HOW MANY KCALS ARE REQUIRED IN THE 2ND AND 3RD TRIMESTER?

2ND: +340 KCAL/DAY


3RD: +450 KCAL/DAY




*KCALS DON'T CHANGE DURING FIRST*

WHAT IS THE PREGNANCY WEIGHT GAIN?

BASED ON THE PRE-PREGNANCY WEIGHT


USUALLY 10LB BY 20WKS


1LB/WEEK AFTER

WHAT ARE THE RISKS FOR EXCESSIVE WEIGHT GAIN?

WEIGHT RETENTION


LARGE WEIGHT BABY


DELIVERY AND POST COMPLICATIONS


CHILDHOOD OVERWEIGHT

WHAT ARE THE RISK FOR INADEQUATE GAIN?

LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABY


PRETERM DELIVERY


POOR HEALING POST-PARTUM

WHAT ARE THE NEEDS OF PROTEIN?

+ 25g/day




Building blocks for fetal tissue and structures

What are the needs for carbohydrates?

>= 175g/day




For mother and fetus glucose needs

What are the needs for fat?

~300mg/day




Cell membrane, brain development

Why is folic acid important?

Cell division, RBC


Neural tube


600mcg/day

Why is Calcium important?

Mineralization of fetal bones




1000mg/day

Why is Vit D important?

Fetal growth and bone mineralization




200IU/day

Why is Iron important?

Hemoglobin production


Supports Iron needs of fetus, placenta, umbilical cord




30mg/day

How many servings of each food group should pregnant women get?

2-3 extra servings of each

What eating-related disorder is most often occurring in pregnancy?

PICA

What are TERATOGENS?

Substances harmful to a developing fetus


ex. alcohol, caffeine, supplements

What are the effects of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder?

Brain damage, facial abnormalities, learning disabilities, language and social problems

What are the effects of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?

More severe...


Growth retardation, facial abnormalities

What are the effects of caffeine consumption?

Delayed conception, miscarriage, LBW, decreased Iron absorption


Limit of 300mg/day

What are the effects of supplements?

Caution recommended

What is hyperemesis?

Nausea and Vomiting


Persistent vomiting can lead to dehydration and required medical attention

What is some advice an RN can give to women having nausea and vomiting?

Avoid heavy/greasy/strong foods


Limit liquid to between meals


Dry carbs (crackers, melba toast, rice, noodles)


Ginger (tea, ale, candied)

What is the percentage of women who experience morning sickness?

80%

Why would pregnant women experience constipation?

Limited fiber intake, low physical activity, not enough Fe supplements

What can nurses do to make sure pregnant women do not become constipated?

Assess Fe compliance with supplements or explore alternate forms


Recommend fluids and fiber


Refer woman to RD if needed

Why can obesity increase the risk of an unhealthy pregnancy?

Congenital malformations, macrosomnia, abortion, gestational diabetes, C-delivery and complications


Difficulty monitoring fetal development and HR

Why can diabetes increase the risk of an unhealthy pregnancy?

Uncontrolled blood sugars can cause miscarriage or stillbirth

What are some interventions we can do for pregnant women with diabetes?

Have risk assessed at 1st prenatal visit; 24-28wks gestational screening




Followed by Diabetes Education Center

How can eating disorders affect a pregnancy?

Risk of miscarriage, LBW, hyperemesis, c-delivery

What should nurses do when involved with a pregnant woman with an eating disorder?

Screen for symptoms




Collaborate w/ healthcare team

How does phenylketonuria increase the risk of an unhealthy pregnancy?

growth retardation, delayed development, congenital heart disease

How can we help a woman with phenylketonuria and who is pregnant?

Low phenylalanine diet


Monitor blood levels

How can Gestational Hypertension increase the risk of an unhealthy pregnancy?

Growth retardation


Preterm delivery

What are the recommendations for breastfeeding timeline?

breastfeeding 1st six months




introduce complementary foods at 6 months to 1 year

What does breastmilk contain?

Caseins, lactalbumin, immunoglobulins


Lactose, glucose, galactose (carbs)


Vitamins


Fat and Water

What are some nutrients important for infants?

Vit D by 2 months


B12 dependent on maternal intake


Fe fortified cereal by 6 months

How much fluid should a lactating mother receive a day?

3.1 - 3.8L/day

How does alcohol affect breast milk?

Diffuses into breast milk within 1 hour of consumption




Wait 2 hours after drinking to breastfeed

How can RNs help educate women on nutrition's role in pregnancy?

-Preconception care


-Balanced diet


-Increase in energy intake


-Vitamins and Minerals


-Exercise


-Appropriate weight gain


-Medical conditions that need nutrition to be kept under control

What can RNs outline the need for?

There is a nutrient & lifestyle change


Positive effects when followed guidelines


Avoiding exposure to teratogens


Benefits of breastfeeding