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146 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Features of a chronic disease include all of the following except
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it produces sharp pains.
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What is the chief reason people choose the foods they eat?
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Taste
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All of the following are results of making poor food choices except
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when made over just a single day, they exert great harm to your health.
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The motive for a person who alters his diet due to religious convictions is most likely his
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values.
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What is the term that defines foods that contain nonnutrient substances whose known action in the body is to promote well-being to a greater extent than that contributed by the food's nutrients?
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Functional foods
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Which of the following is not one of the six classes of nutrients?
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Fiber
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What is the kcalorie value of a meal supplying 110 g of carbohydrates, 25 g of protein, 20 g of fat, and 5 g of alcohol?
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755
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A weight reduction regimen calls for a daily intake of 1400 kcalories which includes 30 g of fat. Approximately what percentage of the total energy is contributed by fat?
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19
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Which of the following statements most accurately describes the composition of most foods?
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They contain mixtures of the three energy nutrients, although only one or two may predominate
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What is the meaning of a double-blind experiment?
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Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group
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The smallest amount of a nutrient that is consumed over a prolonged period that maintains a specific function is called the nutrient
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requirement.
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How are the RDA for almost all vitamin and mineral intakes set?
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High, to cover virtually all healthy individuals
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Which of the following is a purpose of both the Recommended Dietary Allowance and Adequate Intake?
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Setting nutrient goals for individuals
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What is the AMDR for carbohydrate?
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45-65%
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Which of the following represents the usual sequence of stages in the development of a nutrient deficiency resulting from inadequate intake?
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Declining nutrient stores, abnormal functions within the body, and overt signs
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The goal of Healthy People 2010 is to
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set goals for the nation's health over the next 10 years.
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Which of the following statements defines the association between a risk factor and the development of a disease?
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The more risk factors for a disease, the greater the chance of developing that disease
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A person who assists registered dietitians has the formal title of
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dietetic technician.
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Most substances containing carbon-hydrogen bonds
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Organic
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Nutrient with the highest body concentration
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Water
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Nutrient with the highest energy density
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Fat
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Energy (kcal) yield of five grams of sugar
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20
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A water-soluble vitamin
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Vitamin C
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An inert medication
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Placebo
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A fat-soluble nutrient
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Vitamin A
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The recommended intake is set at the population mean
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Energy
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Excess nutrient intake leads to this
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Overnutrition
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Deficient nutrient intake leads to this
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Undernutrition 7.69% Undernutrition
Measurement of physical characteristics Anthropometrics |
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A nutrient deficiency showing outward signs
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Overt deficiency
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A nutrient deficiency in the early stages
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Subclinical deficiency
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What are the "ABCDMV" principles of diet planning?
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Adequacy, balance, kcalorie control, nutrient density, moderation, and variety
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Nutrient dense refers to foods that
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provide more nutrients relative to kcalories.
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The concept of nutrient density is most helpful in achieving what principle of diet planning?
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kCalorie control
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An empty-kcalorie food is one that contains
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excess energy and little or no protein, vitamins or minerals.
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Which of the following is among the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005?
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Engage in regular physical activities
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What two major nutrients are supplied by the fruit and vegetable groups?
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Vitamins A and C
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The consumption of 2000 kcalories per day is sufficient to meet the energy needs of most
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sedentary women
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A cup of fresh blueberries is about the size of a
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baseball.
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Which of the following is not descriptive of MyPyramid?
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A broad-based figure that conveys the message that grains should be abundant and form the foundation of a healthy diet
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Which of the following is a feature of the exchange list system?
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All foods are grouped according to their content of carbohydrate, protein, and fats
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Approximately what minimum percentage of all grains consumed by a person should be whole grains?
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50
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Which of the following is a feature of U.S. laws governing information on food labels?
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Nutrition labeling is not required on foods produced by small businesses or products produced and sold in the same establishment
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Which of the following is a characteristic of food serving sizes?
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Serving sizes on food labels are not always the same as those of the USDA Food Guide
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A food scientist is developing a new and improved cereal bar. She consults with you to ask in what order the ingredients should be listed on the food label. The ingredients are: Sugar: 30 g, Puffed wheat: 28 g, Dry milk powder: 5 g, Red food coloring: 35 mg, Salt: 2 g. What is the appropriate order in which to list these ingredients on the food label?
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Sugar, puffed wheat, dry milk powder, salt, red food coloring
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Food labels express the nutrient content in relation to a set of standard values known as the
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FDA Standards.
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On a food label, the "% Daily Value" table compares key nutrients per serving for a person consuming how many kcalories daily?
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2000
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Which of the following is a feature of the FDA's regulations of food label health claims?
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There are four grades of health claim quality: A, B, C, and D
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The principle of consuming a number of foods in proportion to each other
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Balance
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Part of grain richest in fiber
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Bran
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Nutrient added in grain enrichment process
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Iron
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Example of a fortified food
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Orange juice containing added calcium
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Example of a functional food
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Margarine containing plant sterols
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Nutrient commonly added in cow's milk fortification process
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Vitamin A
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Serving size of rice on a food label
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1 cup
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Agency that regulates food labeling
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FDA
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Reliable health claim allowed on food labels
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Sodium and hypertension
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Health claim not allowed on food labels without a disclaimer
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Antioxidants and heart disease
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What two major nutrients are supplied by the fruit and vegetable groups?
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Vitamins A and C
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All of the following are examples of legumes except
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potatoes.
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Which of the following describes the anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract?
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A flexible muscular tube
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What is one function of the pyloric sphincter?
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Prevents the contents of the small intestine from backing up into the stomach
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After swallowing, in what order does food pass through the regions of the GI tract?
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Stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon
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Which of the following is a feature of peristalsis?
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It consists of wavelike muscular contractions resulting from alternate tightening and relaxing of circular muscles and longitudinal muscles
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What is meant by the term "motility" in reference to the GI tract?
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The ability of the GI tract muscles to move
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What is the function of mucus in the stomach?
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Protects stomach cells from gastric juices
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What is a function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
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Creates an optimum acidity
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What types of enzymes are responsible for hydrolyzing the proteins in foods?
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Proteases
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Which of the following best describes the normal pH of the stomach?
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Very acidic
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Which of the following is a significant property of dietary fiber?
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Promotes water retention of stools
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What is the function of bile?
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Emulsifies fats
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When alcohol and barbiturates are ingested, they are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and transported first to the
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liver.
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The living bacteria found in yogurt are known as
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probiotics.
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The maintenance of the body's constant internal conditions is guided by the principle known as
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homeostasis.
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hat is the primary role of the normal, thriving intestinal bacterial population?
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Helps prevent infectious bacteria from attacking the system
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Therapy for constipation would include all of the following except
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decreasing fiber intake.
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All of the following are common causes of heartburn except
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eating too slowly.
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Controls the entry of chyme into the duodenum
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Pylorus
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Controls the entry of chyme into the colon
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Ileocecal valve
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Prevents food from entering the windpipe when swallowing
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Epiglottis
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Substance that helps make or break a chemical bond
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Enzyme
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A component of gastric juice
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Hydrochloric acid
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Organ that releases bile into intestines
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Gallbladder
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Organ that synthesizes bile
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Liver
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Fingerlike projection of small intestinal lining
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Villus
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Carries fat-soluble vitamins
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Lymphatic system
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Hormone that triggers release of gastric acid
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Gastrin
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Hormone that signals release of bile
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Cholecystokinin
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After sitting through a two-hour lecture in math, your stomach is growling. You have just learned about surface area and its role in mathematics. Your classmate points out that surface area is also an integral part of the absorption of nutrients
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through the presence of the enormous number of villi and microvilli.
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In which of the following are ample amounts of carbohydrates almost always found?
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Plant foods
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What type of nutrient is starch?
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Complex carbohydrate
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Which of the following is not a simple carbohydrate?
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Starch
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What component accounts for the usually sweet taste of fruits?
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Simple sugars
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What is the reaction that links two monosaccharides together?
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Condensation
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The chemical reaction by which starch is split into monosaccharides is termed
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hydrolysis.
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Glycogen is stored mainly in which of the following tissues?
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Muscle and liver
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What is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in the body?
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Glycogen
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What are cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin?
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Fibers
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Which of the following is an example of the difference between the chemical bonds in starch and those in cellulose?
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Cellulose bonds are not hydrolyzed by human enzymes
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A "functional fiber" is one that
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is extracted from plants and has a beneficial health effect.
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Which of the following contains the least amount of fiber?
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White rice
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All of the following are properties of fiber except
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it elevates blood glucose levels.
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After you and your friend Dolores share pretzels and animal crackers, she announces that she wants to start digesting her food by watching television. You inform Dolores that
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carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth through the action of amylase, so she has already begun digesting the snacks.
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All of the following are symptoms of lactose intolerance except
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constipation.
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What is the chief reason that many people with lactose intolerance can consume foods containing some lactose without suffering any symptoms?
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A change occurs in the GI bacteria
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Disaccharide containing fructose
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Sucrose
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Chemical reaction that links two molecules together
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Condensation
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Chemical reaction that splits a larger molecule into smaller
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Hydrolysis
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A complex carbohydrate in muscle
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Glycogen
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A complex carbohydrate in legumes
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Starch
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Structurally similar to starch but resistant to digestion
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Cellulose
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Site where fibers may be metabolized to short-chain fatty acids
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Large intestine
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When digested, yields galactose
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Lactose
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Substance that signals the release of glucose into blood
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Glucagon
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Substance that signals removal of glucose from the blood
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Insulin
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Safe sweetener, except for people with PKU
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Aspartame
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A sugar alcohol
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Sorbitol
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Normal blood glucose level, in mg per 100 mL blood
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100
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According to most dietary guidelines, what percentage of the day's total energy intake should be furnished by carbohydrates?
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45-65
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All of the following are sources of dietary carbohydrates except
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fish
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A compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with 3 fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol would be known as a
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triglyceride
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Lipids differ in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to their number of
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double bonds.
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Which of the following is a feature of polyunsaturated fats?
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Low melting point
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All of the following are rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids except
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palm oil.
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Characteristics of hydrogenated oils include all of the following except
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products containing them become rancid sooner, contributing to a shorter shelf life.
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What type of compound is lecithin?
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Phospholipid
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Which of the following cannot be found in plants?
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Cholesterol
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Your aunt Gladys has a family history of heart disease. She decides to begin eating a bowl of oatmeal every morning to help lower her blood cholesterol. After about a month of following this routine, her cholesterol declined about 5 points. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this effect?
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Oatmeal is high in soluble fibers that trap bile, causing the body to use more cholesterol for bile replacement
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In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein, a high-density lipoprotein contains
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less lipid.
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A high risk of heart attack correlates with high blood levels of
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low-density lipoproteins.
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An important function of fat in the body is to
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protect vital organs against shock.
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Which of the following is a feature of butter and margarine?
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Butter contains more saturated fat and cholesterol than margarine does
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Studies show that regular consumption of fatty fish leads to
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lower blood pressure.
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Approximately how many grams of fat would be contained in an 800-kcalorie meal that provides 50% of the energy from carbohydrate, 20% from protein, and the remainder from fat?
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27
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Why does the FDA advise against consumption of certain fish such as swordfish and shark by women of childbearing age?
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These fish are a major source of toxic mercury
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A major feature of the Mediterranean diet is liberal intake of
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olive oil.
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A long-chain saturated fatty acid
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Stearic acid
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A good source of monounsaturated fats
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Canola oil
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A phospholipid
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Lecithin
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A lipoprotein made primarily by the liver
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Very-low density lipoprotein
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The lipoprotein type with the highest percentage of protein
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High-density lipoprotein
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An essential fatty acid
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Linolenic acid
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Common source of trans-fatty acids
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Potato chips
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Good food source of omega-3 fatty acids
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Sardines
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Good food source of omega-6 fatty acids
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Corn oil
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Fat replacement product made from fat
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Olestra
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Each of the following is known to be linked to excessive intake of fats except
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lactose intolerance.
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