Fn: Chapter 15 Body Mechanics Lecture Notes

Front 1

What is Mobility?

Back 1

A persons ability to move around freely in his or her environment

Front 2

What PURPOSE does mobility serve?

Back 2

Express Emotion, Self Defense, Attain basic needs, Perform Recreational activates, perform ADL's, Maintain body's normal physiological activates

Front 3

What is Immobility?

Back 3

Inability to move freely

Front 4

Complication of Immobility

Back 4

Muscle or bine atrophy, pressure ulcers, kidney stones, UTI, Pneumonia, insomnia, Anorexia, Disorientation, hypertension

Front 5

What is Range of Motion (ROM)?

Back 5

Amy body action involving the muscles and joints in natural directional movements

Front 6

What procedures help with Range of Motion?

Back 6

Physical Therapy, Exercises are indicated for patients confined to bed for long periods of time.

Front 7

Who will perform exercises?

Back 7

May be performed passively by nurses or activity by patient.

Front 8

Neurovascular Function Checks

Back 8

Circulation, movement, and sensation (CMS)

Front 9

What to check for during Neurovascular checks?

Back 9

Skin Color, Temp, Movement, Sensation, Pulse, Capillary Refills, Pain

Front 10

Skin Color

Back 10

When color of skin changes its an indication of poor circulation.

Front 11

Temperature

Back 11

Poor Circulation can cause are to change temp

Front 12

Capillary Refills

Back 12

If patient has a weak pulse it mean there is not circulation to the area

Front 13

Performing ROM Exercises

Back 13

Designated body joints are moved to the point of resistance or pain, using care to avoid injury. Always support the extremity and joint during ROM

Front 14

What amount of time is required to prevent physical disuse syndrome?

Back 14

2 hours every 24 hours period

Front 15

When performing ROM when does a nurse stop

Back 15

Point of resistance or pain

Front 16

POM

Back 16

Passive Range of Motion: Performed by the caregiver

Front 17

AROM

Back 17

Active Range of Motion: Performed by patient

Front 18

PAROM

Back 18

Passive Assisted Range of Motion: Caregiver helps assist the patient with ROM

Front 19

AAROM

Back 19

Active Assisted Range of Motion: Patient uses helps assist with the Range of Motion

Front 20

Joint Range of Motion Exercises

Back 20

Neck: Flexion, Extension, Hyperextension, Lateral Flexion, Rotation

Front 21

Shoulder ROM Movements

Back 21

Shoulder: Abduction, adduction, Internal rotation, external rotation, circumduction

Front 22

Elbow ROM Movements

Back 22

Elbow: flexion, Extension, Hyperextension,

Front 23

Wrist ROM Movements

Back 23

Wrist: Flexion, Extension, Hyperextension, Radial Flexion, Ulnar Flexion

Front 24

Fingers ROM Movements

Back 24

Fingers: Flexion, Extension, Hyperextension, Abduction, Abduction

Front 25

Hip ROM Movements

Back 25

Hip: Abduction, adduction, Internal rotation, external rotation, circumduction, Flexion, Extension,

Front 26

Knee ROM Movements

Back 26

Knee: Flexion & Extension

Front 27

Ankle ROM Movements

Back 27

Ankle: Dorsiflexion & Plantar Flexion

Front 28

Toes ROM Movements

Back 28

Toes: Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction

Front 29

Foot ROM Movements

Back 29

Foot: Inversion, Eversion

Front 30

Moving the patient

Back 30

Moving includes lifting the patient up into bed, to side of the bed, to the tub, and into the car

Front 31

What is Ambulation?

Back 31

Walking

Front 32

What mechanical equipment is used for moving a patient?

Back 32

Hydraulic Lift, Roller Board, Gurney Lift

Front 33

ROM

Back 33

Range Of Motion

Front 34

What is a Trapeze bar?

Back 34

Helps patients move themselves in bed.

Front 35

When moving the patient 1st you should ……

Back 35

Move Twice: Once mentally once physically. Envision movement first then move the patient

Front 36

Rules when moving a patient

Back 36

Lift Twice, Be certain to have sufficient assistance, Assess patients ability to assist with moving, If moving may be painful for the patient, the nurse will want to administer medication or the patient before any such activity

Front 37

When moving a patient it’s a good time to

Back 37

Assess the patients skin. Since most are will be exposed to plain sight, the LVN should look over the patient for assessment.

Front 38

When should pain medication be administered prior to moving?

Back 38

30 minutes prior to movement or activity

Front 39

When a patient is going to fall, what is the job a nurse

Back 39

to guide them down by keeping a wide base and use your knees to base them. Do not try to stop them from falling

Front 40

What is the bet method to use when a patient begins to fall forward

Back 40

PREVENTION!

Front 41

If a patient does fall forward what is the nurse suppose to do

Back 41

Just let the patient fall. If the nurse tries to catch the patient they can not only hurt themselves, but the can hurt the patient even more.

Front 42

Mechanical devices, such as the hydraulic lift are used for what reason?

Back 42

Move patient safely, protect the nurse from back injury, Provide full weight lifting of patients who cannot assist.

Front 43

Nursing Diagnosis

Back 43

Outlines the direction of care. A nurse cannot diagnose the disease but can diagnosis the direction of care

Front 44

Opposition

Back 44

Moving the fingers thumb to each finger tip

Front 45

Flexion

Back 45

Contraction of the muscle

Front 46

Extension

Back 46

Relaxation of the muscle

Front 47

It is essential to protest the ______________ system to prevent injury to both the patient and nurse.

Back 47

Musculosketal

Front 48

You need less effort to carry out an activity if you ___________________ ________________ _______________ ____________________ in the direction of movement.

Back 48

widen your base support

Front 49

Practice appropriate _______________ __________________ consistently.

Back 49

Body Mechanics

Front 50

If you raise your arm to side position above head with palm away from head (Shoulder)

Back 50

abduction

Front 51

if you lower your arm sideways and across the body as far as possible (Shoulder)

Back 51

adduction

Front 52

If you bring your chin to rest on your chest (Neck)

Back 52

Flexion

Front 53

If you return your head to erect position (Neck)

Back 53

Extension

Front 54

If you bend your head back as far as possible (neck)

Back 54

Hyperextension

Front 55

If you tilt your head as far as possible toward each shoulder (Neck)

Back 55

Lateral Flexion

Front 56

If you turn your head as far as possible right to left (Neck)

Back 56

Rotation

Front 57

More Body Mechanics Movements

Back 57

Review Page 379-380 in Fundamentals Book. Must know each body mechanic.

Front 58

Dorsiflexion

Back 58

Move the foot so the toes are pointed upward.

Front 59

Plantar Flexion

Back 59

Move the foot so that toes are pointed downward

Front 60

Inversion of Foot

Back 60

Turn the sole of foot medially (inward)

Front 61

Eversion of Foot

Back 61

Turn sole of the foot laterally (outward)

Front 62

Abduction of Toes

Back 62

Spread toes apart

Front 63

Adduction of Toes

Back 63

Bring Toes Together

Front 64

Flexion of Fingers

Back 64

Make a fist

Front 65

Extension of Fingers

Back 65

Straighten Fingers

Front 66

Hyperextension of Fingers

Back 66

Bend fingers back as far as possible

Front 67

Abduction of Fingers

Back 67

spread finders apart

Front 68

Adduction of fingers

Back 68

bring fingers together

Front 69

Forearm ROM Movements

Back 69

Supination, Pronation

Front 70

Supination of Forearms

Back 70

(Pivotal) Turn lower arm and hand so that palm is up

Front 71

Pronation of Forearm

Back 71

(Pivotal) Turn lower arm and hand so that palm is down

Front 72

Contracture

Back 72

An abnormal shortening of muscle

Front 73

Dorsal (Supine) position

Back 73

Laying Flat on the Back

Front 74

Dorsal Recumbent

Back 74

Supine position with patient laying on back, head, and shoulder with extremities moderately flexed; legs are sometimes extended.

Front 75

Fowler's Position

Back 75

Posture assumed by patient when head of bed is raised to 45-60 degrees

Front 76

Semi Fowlers

Back 76

Posture assumed by patient when head of bed is raised to 30 degrees

Front 77

Orthopneic Position

Back 77

Patient sitting up in bed at 90 degree angle, or sometimes resting in forward tilt while supported by pillow on overbed table

Front 78

When is the Orthopneic Position commonly used

Back 78

Respiratory or Cardiac patients

Front 79

Sims Position

Back 79

Patient lies on side with knee and thigh drawn forward

Front 80

Prone Position

Back 80

Lying face down in horizontal position

Front 81

Knee-Chest (genupectoral) Position

Back 81

Patient kneels so weight is supported by knees and chest with abdomen raised, head turned to the side and arms flexed

Front 82

Lithotomy Position

Back 82

Patient lies supine with hips and knees flexed and thighs abducted and rotated externally (Stirrups are also used)

Front 83

rules when moving a patient

Back 83

Patients head is low, body and legs are inclined

Front 84

Physical Disuse Syndrome

Back 84

a state in which an individual is at risk for deterioration of body systems as a result of prescribed or unavoidable inactivity.