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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Impacts of Primary Effect of Blast Injuries
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Direct blase effects (over/under pressurization). MOI includes overpressure; interaction of blast wave with body; as well as sheer/stress waves. Injuries include Pulmonary, tympanic membrane, and holly-viscus injuries
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Secondary Effect of Blast Injuries
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Projectiles propelled by explosions. MOI is fragments from the exploding weapon as well as from the environment (debris, cehicle metal, rocks etc). Fragmentation injuries and penetrating trauma
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Tertiary effect of blast injuries |
body propelled onto hard surface. MOI includes displacement of body and structural collapse. Penetrating injuries, blunt trauma, crush injuries.
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Quaternary effect of blast injuries |
Heat and combustion flames. MOI includes burns and toxicitiy. Injuries: Burns, Inhalation Injuries, asphyxiation.
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Quinary effect of blast injuries |
Additives (chemicals/radiation) MOI is contamination. Injuries depend on the specific additive.
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Limb injuries account for _____% of injuries caused by explosive devices |
70%
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While eyes are resistant to primary effects of blasts, they are susceptible to _______ and ___ effects?
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Secondary and Tertiary Effects
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The majority of eye injuries are caused by ____?
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Inadequate Eye Protection
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Stress Waves
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Longitudinal pressure waves. These waves create high potential for injuries in gas filled organs. (ears, lungs, intestines)
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Sheer Waves
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Lower velocity transverse waves with longer duration than stress waves. They cause tissue in the body to move back and forth.
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Lung injuries and percentage at different psi?
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possible at 30-40PSI, 50% possible at 80PSI, and universally fatal in open-air blasts at 200+PSI
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Lung overpressure ("Blast lung") casualties will signs of hypoxia and hemoptysis and may require endotracheal intubation. Symptoms may be obvious immediately or may have a delayed onset of ______ hours |
24-48 Hours
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Perforation of the eardrum can occur in ______ PSI.
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5-15 PSI
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Explain the pattern of injury consistent with a blast victim. |
Most wounds are non-critical, soft tissue/skeletal injury. Up to 70% of mortalities involve head injuries.
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Identify the wounding effects fragmentation has on different parts of the body.
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70% of injuries of fragmentation are onto limbs.
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Describe the wounding effects of blast overpressure. |
Burst eardrums are the most frequently detected blast injury. Perforation of the eardrum can occur at pressures as little as 5-15 psi. - Lung ("blast lung") - GI injuries are likely to occur in patients of blasts detonated inside a building. Intestinal perforation is most common. SX include pain in abdomen, rectum, and testes. |
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Solid Organ injuries are rare in open air blasts but have been reported in _____________________. |
Underwater Blasts. |
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Central Nervous System injuries to include TBI are a significant issue associated with blast injuries. Moderate to severe TBI accounts for _______% of the early deaths associated with explosions and ________% of later deaths. |
71%, 52%. |
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________ PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN AN EXPLOSIVE ATTACK SHOULD BE REFERRED TO THE MEDICAL OFFICER FOR DOCUMENTATION/EVALUATION |
ALL |
