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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many general first aid rules are there? |
Nine |
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What are the NINE general first aid rules? |
"DOPE E RAPE" -Organize -Exam -ABCs -Deformities -Expose -Psyche -PPE -Recovery Position -Exit |
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In a TACTICAL SETTING what is Class I? |
-Walking Wounded -Injuries require minor professional treatment |
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In a TACTICAL SETTING what is Class II? |
-Immediate -Injuries require immediate life-sustaining measures -Require a minimum amount of time, equipments, or personnel |
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In a TACTICAL SETTING what is Class III? |
-Delayed -Treatment delayed without jeopardy to life or loss of limb |
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In a TACTICAL SETTING what is Class IV? |
-Expectant -Requires extensive treatment, beyond immediate medical capabilities |
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In a NON-TACTICAL SETTING what is Priority I? |
-Immediate -Respiratory arrest/obstruction -Open chest/abdomen wounds -Femur fracture -Critical burns |
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In a NON-TACTICAL SETTING what is Priority II? |
-Delayed -Moderate blood loss -Open/multiple fractures -Eye injuries |
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In a NON-TACTICAL SETTING what is Priority III? |
-Walking wounded -Soft tissue injuries -Simple fracture -minor/moderate burns |
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In a NON-TACTICAL SETTING what is Priority IV? |
-Expectant -Exposed brain matter -Decapitation -Incineration
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Primary Survey |
-Detect/treat life-threatening conditions, require immediate care -treat as you go process -ABCDE -transport decision made within 10 MINS of arrival on scene |
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Secondary Survey |
-complete detailed assessment -vital signs -head to toe survey |
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What are signs and symptoms for shock? |
-Glassy eyes -No PERRLA -Skin pale/ashen gray -Cyanotic lips -Skin is cool and clammy -Pulse rapid, weak, or thready -Hemorrhagic shock; pulse over 140 -Neurogenic shock; pulse below 60 -Systolic blood pressure below 100, pulse above 100 -Nausea and vomiting -Thirst |
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What are the three types of hemorrhage control? |
-Pressure dressing -Pressure points -Tourniquets |
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How many pressure points are there on the body? |
-11 on each side of the body -22 total |
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How do you treat head wounds? |
-Never give meds -Head level with body -If on the back of the head, roll victim on side -Watch for vomiting to prevent aspiration |
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How do you treat facial wounds? |
-Treat like other flesh wounds -Ensure airway is not compromised by tongue -Loose bandage for eye injuries (NEVER remove objects in eye) |
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How do you treat chest wounds? |
-Treated as serious conditions -Sucking chest wound; seal wound -Oxygen as available -Semi-fowler's or fowler's for ease of breathing -Watch for signs of shock -Do not give anything to drink |
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How do you treat abdominal wounds? |
-Keep in supine position -DO NOT push intestines back in! -Apply direct pressure as needed -With exposed intestines, apply sterile moistened compress or any potable water -Do not give anything to drink -IV as ordered by Medical Officer |
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What is the difference between open and closed fractures? |
-Closed is a non-exposed internal fracture
-Open is a penetrating or exposed fracture |
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How do you identify and treat FOREARM fractures? |
-Deformities -Pain/tenderness -Splint above and below wound -Arm at chest, hand 4" above elbow, thumb up
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How do you identify and treat UPPER ARM fractures? |
-Pain/tenderness -If near the elbow, elbow will be straight -If near shoulder, place folded towel in axilla space to support arm -Check for distal pulse -DO NOT MOVE ARM if fracture is near elbow -Splint in the position found -If middle arm, splint from shoulder to elbow and secure firmly to body |
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How do you identify and treat THIGH fractures? |
-Muscle spasms and immense pain if attempted to move -Splint on medial and lateral aspects of leg, lateral extending to armpit, medial extending to groin -Fasten in FIVE places: around ankle, over knee, below jip, around pelvis, and below armpit -Do not transport before immobilizing leg |
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What are examples of TRACTION SPLINTS? |
-Hare or Thomas half-ring |
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How do you identify and treat LOWER LEG fractures? |
-Tenderness, swelling, pain -Apply THREE splints; medial, lateral, and posterior (each side and below fracture)
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How do you identify and treat CLAVICULAR (collar bone) fractures? |
-Injured shoulder lower than uninjured shoulder -Sling and swathe or figure-eight bandage -Hand 4" above elbow, thumbs up, forearm across chest |
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How do you identify and treat RIB fractures? |
-Localized pain at site of fracture -Make patient comfortable to prevent further damage to lungs/heart -Can sling and swathe arm on injured side of chest at 45 degree angle to prevent excessive movement
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What are the THREE degrees of THERMAL BURNS? |
-1st Degree: epidermal layer irritated, reddened, and tingling. Pain mild to severe and heals within a week
-2nd Degree: epidermal blisters, mottled, and red base. Damage extends into dermis. Heals in 2-3 weeks. Painful and "weeping" fluid.
-3rd Degree: Full thickness injury into muscles and fatty tissue. TIssue will range from black to white. Can have "weeping" fluid. |
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What is involved in FIRST AID for BURN VICTIMS? |
-Minimum first aid -ABCs -Protect burns with clean sheets or dry dressings -DO NOT remove clothing adhering to a wound -Over 20% BSA and in shock, start an I.V. therapy with LR. |
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What is involved in AID STATION CARE for BURN VICTIMS? |
-Continue I.V. and maintain ABCs -Shave hair well beyond burn -Clean with disinfectent soap and WARM water --Major burn victims given Tetanus Toxoid to prevent infection -If transport must be delayed 2-3 days, begin topical anti-biotic regiments -Spread 1/16" thickness of Sulfamylon or Silvadene -Repeat after 12 hours |
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How do you identify and treat HEAT CRAMPS? |
-Excessive sweating and painful cramps -Move victim to cool place -Hydrate and ensure electrolytes are consumed (1 tsp of salt) -Manual pressure to cramp |
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How do you identify and treat HEAT EXHAUSTION? |
-Most common heat injury -Weakness, dizziness, headaches -Skin cool and moist -Dilated eye, weak pulse -Move victim to cool place -Hydrate and ensure electrolytes are consumed (1 tsp of salt) -Cool damp cloths to axilla, groin, head, ankles |
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How do you identify and treat HEAT STROKE? |
-20% mortality rate -Douse body in cool water -105 degree body temperature or higher -Dry hot skin -Pupils constricted -Fast and strong pulse -Apply wet towels to entire body -Remove as much clothing as possible -Discontinue cooling via ice packs once temperature reaches 102 -Repeat cooling if temperature reaches 103 -Check temperature every 10 minutes |
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How do you identify and treat HYPOTHERMIA? |
-Shivering, weak/absent puls, glassy stare -listlessness, indifference, drowsiness -CPR may be required during warming process -Replace/remove wet clothing -If concious, warm via immersion in tub of warm water (100-105 degrees) -External heat to both sides of body via "buddy method"
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How do you identify and treat IMMERSION FOOT? |
-Prolonged exposure to a temperature of just above freezing to 52 degrees -Limited ROM -Gangrene may occur, cyanotic feet -Get victim off of feet -Remove wet socks, shoes, etc. -Expose areas to warm dry air |
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How do you identify and treat SUPERFICIAL FROSTBITE? |
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