Fluoroquinolones And Rifampicin

Front 1

fluoroquinolones effect what?
how?
what is this enzyme equivalent to

Back 1

dna
inhibits the dna gyrase
topoisomerase II (cuts both strands simultaneously

Front 2

rifampicin affect what

Back 2

rna

Front 3

specifically how do fluoroquins work

Back 3

bind to gyrase and prevent resealing of DNA strands

Front 4

gyrase has which subunits

Back 4

A and B

Front 5

What kind of killing
spectrum?

Back 5

concentration dependent
neg and pos

Front 6

names of fluoroquins?
which are respiratory?

Back 6

ciprofloxacin, levo, moxi
levo and moxi

Front 7

absorption?
high concentration where?

Back 7

100%
prostate, kid, neut, macs

Front 8

adverse

Back 8

generally well tolerated
tendon rupture!!
Not recommended for kids;
cipro prevents metab of theophylline and warfarin

hypoglycemia with glyburide

Front 9

Rifamycin

Back 9

inhibs DNA depnd rna polymrase

cidal
Resistance is rapid

Front 10

where ued as single agent?

Back 10

neisseria meningiditis

Front 11

Rifampin potent inducer of what?

Back 11

cyp3a4

Front 12

The antimetabolites

Back 12

yes

Front 13

folic acid has three components

Back 13

pteridine, paba, and glutamate

Front 14

selective tox by what mech?

Back 14

human dietary requirement and active transport into cells

bac make their own. dihydropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase are enzymes in tetrahydrofolic acid pathway. Sulfonamides block dihydropteroate synthase.

Front 15

what kind of inhib?

Back 15

competitive

Front 16

resistance common or not?

Back 16

common

Front 17

mechs of resistance?

Back 17

alter dihydropteroate synthetase
overproduce paba
utilize exogenous folic acid

Front 18

slow acting or fast?

Back 18

slow because must deplete folic acid stores

Front 19

sulfisoxazole
sulfamethoxazole

Back 19

short halflife

Front 20

PO?
metabolized?
elimination?

Back 20

yes, well absorbed
by N acetylation
excretion in urine

Front 21

sulfacetamide

Back 21

highly water soluble so used for conjunctiitis

Front 22

Trimethoprim
what sounds scary about this drug?

Back 22

inhibs folic acid reduction
this pathway common to all organisms?

Front 23

But why is it ok?

Back 23

The bacterial enzyme is different

Front 24

what drug is analagous to trimethoprim in humans?

Back 24

methotrexate

Front 25

what enzyme inihib

Back 25

dihydrofolate reductase

Front 26

what's it combined with

Back 26

sulfonamide!!! (prof used exclamation points.) used often with sulfamethoxazole

Front 27

used for what?

Back 27

urti, soft tissue mrsa, pneumo jiroveci

Front 28

adverse are mainly due to sulfonamides?

Back 28

allergic!
Stevens-Johnson syndrome!!
cross-sensitization

Front 29

older sulfonamides could do what?

Back 29

crystalluria

Front 30

trimethoprim adverse?

Back 30

megaloblastic anemia

Front 31

nitrofurantoin

Back 31

uti specific ab
rapid excrete by kid, high urinary concentrations low serum,
acute cystitis, not for pyelonephritis

Front 32

adverse for nitrofurantoin
which causes more adverse effects?
other adverse?

Back 32

GI, nause and vomit
microcrystalline causes greater adverse effects
lung allergic rxn
chronic, pulmonary fibrosis, cough dyspnea

Front 33

methenamine
mech?
for treatment?

Back 33

copolymer of formaldehyd and ammonia and formaldehyde
decomposes at acidic ph....formaldehyde is active ingred

not for treatment, mostly for prophylaxis

Front 34

fosfomycin
used for?
why useful?

Back 34

inhibts cws at an early stage
cystitis
only requires 1 pill