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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what do homeostatic mechanisms regulate?
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total fluid volume
fluid distribution concentration of solutes and PH in fluids |
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ECF consists of what?
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plasma and interstitial fluid
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what is two thirds of the bodys flutid located in?
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ICF
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two ways fluids can move bw compartments ?
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across cell mb that separate ICF from interstitial fluid
thru capillary walls that separate plasma from interstitial fluid |
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what does fluid balance mean:
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body compartments contain
- the required amount of water -correct electrolyte balance: the two are inseparable |
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what is the primary way in which water moves in and out of body compartments?
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osmosis
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how much of the body weight does water account for?
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45-75%
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what is water gained from?
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ingestion
metabolic water gained from aerobic respiration and dehydration synthesis reactions |
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what is lost through what?
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urine, feces, sweat, and breathing
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what does metabolic water volume come from mostly?
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cellular respiration
which is breaking glucose moelcules down to make ATP energy reflects demand for ATP in cells |
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what is the main way to regulate water balance?
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adjusting the volume of water intake
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what is the major way of losing water and solutes?
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urine
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what is fluid output adjusted by?
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ADH
ANP ALDOSTERONE |
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promote reabsorption of na and cl into blood, water follows salt and bv increases, water = conserved
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angiogensin II and aldosterone
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increase in blood volume stretch atria in heart and promotes rls of ANP Which does what? blood volume does what?
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closes channels in the collecting duct and keeps na and cl in the duct, dilute urine is produced and blood volume decreases
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ADH is secreted by what?
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posterior pituitary
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increases permeability in collecting ducts to assist in water rebsorption
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adh
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ADH secreton increases if there is ...
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large decrease in blood volume
severe dehydration and decrease in BP vomiting, diarhea, sweating, burns |
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what are the 4 general functions of electrolytes?
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control osmosis of water bw body compartments
maintian acid base balance req for normal cell activities carry electrical currents and control secretion of some hormones and nuerotransmitters act as cofactors need for activity of enzymes |
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contains alot of protein anions
more sodium ions |
plasma
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very few protein ions
more cloride ions |
interstitial fluid
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ECF Contains:
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na and cl
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ICF contains
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k and phosphates
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most abundant exreacellular ion
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SODIUM
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what hormones balance salt and water?
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ADH, ALDOSTERONE, AND ANP( ANP puts salt into urine)
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abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid
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edema
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too much sodium causes what?
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water retention
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what causes sodium retention>?
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renal failure, hyperaldosterone
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extensive loss of sodium , excess loss of water
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hypovolemia
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what causes hypovolemia?
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inadequate secretion of aldosterone,
too many diuretics |
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most abundant extracelluar ion (ANION)
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CHLORIDE
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Chloride is regulated by what?
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adh, aldosterone
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most abundant cation in intracellular fluid
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potasium
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involved in impulse conduction, muscle contraction, and maintaining fluid volume
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potassium
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what is potassium mainly controlled by?
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aldosterone
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prominent ion in plasma
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bicarbonate
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bocarbonate increases and decreases in what?
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increases in systemic capillaries and decreases in pulmonary capillaries`
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what regulate bicarbonate?
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kidneys
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most abundant ion in the body, is principally an extracellular ion
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calcium
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bones and teeth
blood clotting nuerotransmitter rls muscle tone and nerve and muscle function |
calcium
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what is calcium regulated by? what is rlsed?
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PTH , if ca is low, PTH rlsed.
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stimulates osteoclasts to rls calcium from bone
enhances ca reapsorption into blood by nephrons increases production of calcitriol |
PTH
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intracellualr cation that activates several enzyme systems involved in the metabolism of carbs and proteins, important in cell funtion: nuermuscular activity , myocardil function
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magnesium
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where can magnesium be reabsorbed?
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PCT in kidneys
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important intracellular ion that acts as buffer of H + in body fluids and urine.
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phosphate. HPO4
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Plasma phosphate leves are regualted by what?
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PTH and calcitriol
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Plasma phosphate leves are regualted by what?
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PTH and calcitriol
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