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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Total body water as percentage of total weight?
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60%
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Breakdown of total body water (2 compartments)?
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2/3 IC (40% of weight)
1/3 EC (20% of weight) |
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Breakdown of extracellular fluid and its proportion of total body weight?
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3/4 Interstitial (15% of weight)
1/4 Intravascular (5% of weight) |
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Intracellular dominant cations?
Extracellular dominant cations? |
IC: K+, Mg+
EC: Na+ |
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Isotonic fluid addition / subtraction from EC space changes IC volume and EC osmolarity (true/false)
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False - istotonic contraction/expansion of EC space does not cause any movement of free water from IC space because no new osmotic gradient
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1. calculation for serum osmolarity?
2. Typical normal range? |
2xNa + glucose/18 + BUN/2.8
normal range: 280-300 |
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two triggers for renin release?
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renal hypoperfusion, low EC sodium concentrations
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Normal K+ serum level? What percentage is IC?
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3.5-5.0; 98% IC
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For every 0.1 change in pH, what corresponding physiologic change occurs with important clinical consequence?
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0.3 change in K+ concentrations (hyperkalemia in acidosis, hypokalemia in alkalosis)
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how much urine should an adult produce (per weight). How much UOP then per hour and per day for 70 kg adult?
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0.5 cc / kg / hour
For 70 kg adult, expect ~35cc/hour and 850cc/day |
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In a patient with insensible losses (e.g. skin and pulmonary) such as in the case of fever, need to add what type of fluid replacement?
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salt-free water / hypotonic IVF
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patients who are under general anasthesis can develop what acid-base disorder with what consequence?
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hypocapnic resp alkalosis (from being hyperventilated) ---> hypokalemia
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what three important components of fluid replacements important after significant vomiting/gastric drainage?
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patient has hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis - needs normal saline + KCL
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replacement for isotonic/third spacing?
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lactated ringers
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Name 5-6 causes for significant third space losses?
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burns, trauma, long-bone fractures, peritonitis, acute pancreatitis, intestinal obstructions
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a few common causes of isotonic volume depletion?
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GI losses (NGT, diarrhea), GI fistula drainages, blood losses
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hypotonic volume depletion (water excess of solutes)? name 2 causes
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diabetes insipidus (central or nephrogenic), sweating/evaporative losses (e.g. fever)
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name 3-4 clinical signs of interstitial fluid deficit.
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dry MMs, inc skin turgor, dry skin, sunken eyes
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differentiation of prerenal azotemia from acute renal injury?
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prerenal azotemia typically has Na+<1% w/ Bun/Cr ratio > 20, urine osmolarity > 400
Note: BUN/Cr<10 typically in acute renal injury, high urine sodim (can't filter) |
