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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fluid
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- Substances which can flow and conform to the shape of their contaner
- Liquids AND gases - Difference is that gases are compressible and liquids are incompressible. |
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Density
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ρ = m/V
Units: kg/cm³ or kg/m³ |
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Density for Water (3)
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- 1000 kg/m³
- 1g/cm³ - 1kg/L |
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Specific Gravity
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SG = ρ(object)/ρ(water)
- Unitless and compares how dense something is compared to water. |
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1 atm is equal to...
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101.3 kPa
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Pressure
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F = P⟘ / A
Units: N/m² or Pa |
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Pa is equal to...
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N/m²
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Buoyant Force
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- Fb = ρ * Vs * g
Where ρ = of fluid Vs = volume submerged - Magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object |
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Apparent Weight
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Wapp = Wtrue - Fb
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Archimede's Principle in Detail
(Equation) |
Vsub/V = ρobj/ρfluid
- If ρobj < ρfluid, the object will float. - If ρobj = ρfluid, hovers in equilibrium completely submerged in the fluid. |
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Pascal's Principle
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F₂ = F₁ * A₂/A₁
- Pressure increases everywhere in a fluid, not just where we apply the force. Evenly distributed to boot! - Biggest application is to hydraulics. - Like most machines, the input force is less than the output force, and we need to increase the distance lots to move a little. |
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Absolute Pressure
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Ptotal = Patm + Pgauge
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Gauge Pressure
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Pgauge = ρfluid * g * h
- Pressure due ONLY to a fluid. |
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Flow Rate
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F = A * v
Units: m³/s |
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Continuity Principle
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A1 * V1 = A2 * V2
- This is saying that flow is inversely proportional to the area (or r²) - This principle plays off the fact that if the fluid is incompressible (and it is) then the flow rate must be equal everywhere. - In order to compensate for a changing A, the v will change too. - Decrease A, V increases. |
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Ideal Fluids
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- Incompressible
- Viscosity negligible - Flow is laminar (smooth) - Flow is steady (equal) |
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Viscosity
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- Force of cohesion between molecules
- Resistance to flow - Maple syrup viscosity > water viscosity |
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Bernoulli's Equation
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P₁ + ½ρv₁ + ρgy = P₂ + ½ρv₂ ρgy₂
- Looking at the pressure at two different locations on a moving fluid |
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Efflux Speed
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v = √(2gh)
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Bernoulli Effect
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Pressure is lower where flow speed is greater
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Tension
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Stretching
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Compression
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Squeezing
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Shear
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Bending
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Stress (Equation)
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S = F/A
Units: N/m² or a Pa |
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Strain
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ΔL/Lₒ or X/Lₒ
- Change in length of object compared to the original |
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Hooke's Law for Solids
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- Stress causes a strain, and as long as the stress isn't too large to cause a permanent deformity, they are ⟘
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Hooke's Law for Stress
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Stress = modulus * strain
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Sheer Strain
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X = FLₒ/AG
Where G = Shear Modulus |
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Tensile/Compression Strain
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ΔL = FLₒ/EA
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