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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

COMMON FOOD SOURCES OF SODIUM

135-145 mEq/L, BACON, BUTTER, CANNED FOOD, CHEESE, MILK, PROCESSED FOOD, SNACK FOOD, WHEAT BREAD, SALT

WHAT CAUSES HYPONATREMIA?

INCREASE SODIUM SECRETION(DIAPHORESIS, DIURETICS, VOMITING, DIARRHEA, WOUND DRAINAGE, KIDNEY DISEASE), NOT ENOUGH SODIUM INTAKE, DILUTION OF SERUM SODIUM

ASSESSMENT OF HYPONATREMIA

THREADY, LOW CVP, INCREASE HR, WEAK MUSCLE, DIMINISH DEEP TENDON REFLEX, HEADACHE, CHANGE LOC, CONSTIPATION, DRY MEMBRANE, POOR TURGOR, DECREASE SPECIFIC GRAVITY

ASSESSMENT OF HYPERNATREMIA

BOUNDING, MUSCLE TWITCHING, DIMINISH DEEP TENDON REFLEX, AGITATE, CONFUSION, SEIZURE, CRAMPING, DIARRHEA, INCREASE SPECIFIC GRAVITY

WHAT CAUSE HYPERNATREMIA?

CORTICOSTEROID, CUSHING'S SYNDROME, KIDNEY DISEASE, HYPERALDOSTERONISM

COMMON FOOD SOURCES OF POTASSIUM

3.5-5mEq/L, AVOCADO, BANANA, CANTALOUPE, CARROTS, FISH, MUSHROOM, ORANGES, POTATOES, PORK, BEEF, SPINACH, STRAWBERRIES, TOMATOES

ASSESSMENT OF HYPOKALEMIA

THREADY, ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION, SHALLOW BREATHING, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, DIMINISH DEEP TENDON REFLEX, ANXIETY, LETHARGY, CONFUSION, COMA, FLACCID PARALYSIS, DEEP TENDON HYPOREFLEXIA, CONSTIPATION, N&V, PARALYTIC ILEUS, ST INVERSION/FLAT, U WAVE

EKG ON HYPOCALCEMIA

PROLONGED ST

EKG ON HYPERCALCEMIA

SHORTEN ST, WIDEN T

EKG ON HYPOKALEMIA

ST DEPRESSION/FLAT, U WAVE

EKG ON HYPERKALEMIA

TALL PEAK T WAVE, FLAT P WAVE, WIDEN QRS, PROLONGED PR

EKG ON HYPOMAGNESEMIA

TALL T WAVE, DEPRESSED ST

EKG ON HYPERMAGNESEMIA

PROLONGED PR, WIDEN QRS

COMMON FOOD FOR CALCIUM

CHEESE, MILK, SARDINES, SPINACH, TOFU, YOGURT, COLLARD GREEN, RHUBARB

CAUSES OF HYPOCALCEMIA

INHIBIT CALCIUM ABSORPTION FRO GI(LACTOSE INTOLERANCE, CROHN'S DISEASE, ESKD), INCREASE CALCIUM SECRETION(POLYURIA, DIARRHEA, STEATORRHEA, WOUND DRAINAGE), DECREASE CA+ IN SERUM(HYPERPROTEINEMIA, ALKALOSIS, ACUTE PANCREATITIS, HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA, IMMOBILITY, REMOVE PARATHYROID)

ASSESSMENT OF HYPOCALCEMIA

DECREASE HR, HYPOTENSION, DIMINISH PULSE, TWITCH, TETANY, SEIZURE, MUSCLE SPASM, PARETHESIAS, POSITIVE TROUSSEAU'S AND CHVOSTEK'S SIGNS, HYPER TENDON REFLEX, ANXIETY, IRRITABILITY, CRAMP, DIARRHEA, PROLONGED ST

ASSESSMENT OF HYPOCALCEMIA

INCREASE HR THEN BRADYCARDIA, INCREASE BP, BOUNDING, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, DIMINISH DEEP TENDON REFLEX, DISORIENTATION, RENAL CALCULI, ANOREXIA, CONSTIPATION, SHORTEN ST

FOOD SOURCES OF MAGNESIUM

1.6-2.6 mg/dL, AVOCADO, CANNED WHITE TUNA, CAULIFLOWER, GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES, MILK, OATMEAL, PEANUT BUTTER, PEAS, PORK, BEEF, POTATOES, RAISINS, YOGURT

CAUSES OF HYPOMAGNESEMIA

INSUFFICIENT INTAKE(CROHN'S AND CELIAC DISEASES), INCREASE SECRETION(DIURETICS, CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM), INTRACELLULAR MOVEMENT(HYPERGLYCEMIA, SEPSIS)

ASSESSMENT OF HYPOMAGNESEMIA

TACHYCARDIA, HYPERTENSION, SHALLOW BREATHING, TWITCH, PARASTHESIA, POSITIVE TROUSSEAU'S AND CHVOSTEK'S SIGNS, HYPERREFLEXIA, TETANY, SEIZURE, IRRITABILITY, CONFUSION, TALL T, DEPRESS ST

ASSESSMENT OF HYPERMAGNESEMIA

BRADYCARDIA, HYPOTENSION, DIMINISHED DEEP TENDON REFLEX, MUSCLE WEAKEN, DROWNSINESS, LETHARGY, PROLONGED PR, WIDEN QRS

FOOD SOURCES OF PHOSPHORUS

2.7-4.5 mg/dL, FISH, PUMPKIN, SQUASH, NUTS, PORK, BEEF, WHOLE-GRAIN CEREAL, DAIRY

CAUSES OF HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA

INSUFFICIENT INTAKE(MALNUTRITION), INCREASE SECRETION(HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, MALIGNANCY, MAGNESIUM/ALUMINUM BASE ANTACID), INTRACELLULAR MOVEMENT(HYPERGLYCEMIA, RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS)

ASSESSMENT OF HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA

DECREASE CO, SHALLOW RESPIRATION, WEAKEN MUSCLE, DECREASE DEEP TENDON REFLEX, DECREASE BONE DENSITY, RHABDOMYOLYSIS(SKELATAL MUSCLE BREAKDOWN), IRRITABILITY, CONFUSION, SEIZURE, DECREASE COAGULATION


SERUM CALCIUM NEGATIVE CORRELATED TO PHOSPHORUS

ASSESSMENT OF HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA

LIKE HYPOCALCEMIA