Fluids And Electrolytes

Front 1

______ due to fluid volume deficit, hyperaldosteronism, cushings syndrome, renal failure, IV hypertonic NA
pure water deficits due to
-diabetes insipidus (decrease ADH), hyperglycemia, diuresis
-manifestions- tachycardia, weak pulse, hypotension, (postural), elevated hemotocrit and hemoglobin, dry skin

Back 1

hypernatremia
hypertonic imbalances

Front 2

____due to:
hypoaldosteronism, diuresis, GI losses
NA+ dilution (dilutional ______)
water excess due to:
-administration of hypotonic solutions
-tape water enemas
-syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
=increase ADH secretion in the absence of hypovolemia or hyperosmolarity
-___ with hypervolemia (dilutional hyponatremia)
maifestations- cerebral edema muscle twitch
headaches weak pulse.

Back 2

hyponatremia
hypotonic imbalances

Front 3

infusion of a ___ ____ into veins would produce no fluid movement into cells

Back 3

isotonic solution

Front 4

infusion of ___ ____ into veins would cause the fluid to move into veins

Back 4

hypertonic solution

Front 5

infuision of a ___ ___ into veins the fluid would move out of the veins

Back 5

hypotonic solution

Front 6

normal range of sodium

Back 6

135-145 mEq/L

Front 7

normal range of potassium

Back 7

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Front 8

normal range of calcium

Back 8

9.0-10.5 Mg/dL

Front 9

normal range of magnesium

Back 9

1.5-2.5 Mg/dL

Front 10

renal- olguria decrease urine output
-central nervous system- cerebral edems, headache, confusion, seizure, coma depending on how fast and how much.
- neuromuscular muscle cramps decrease reflexes in beep tendon, decrease response

Back 10

hyponatremia

Front 11

-skin= dry skin, decrease in saliva and tears dry eyes poor skin turgorbody temp increase mouth dry and tongue dry and sticky. difficulty swallowing.
-neuromuscular- increase irritation of reflexes, very brisk become restless adjetated seizure or coma depend on how long they have condition

Back 11

hypernatremia

Front 12

important for repolarization fo the heart and maintain stable rhythm.

Back 12

potassium

Front 13

resting membrane potential is more negative- hyperpolarized. cell membrane more negative need a stronger stimulus for action potential because more neg have a prominant U wave

Back 13

hypokalemia

Front 14

resting potential more postivie hypopolarized easier to stimulate the cell closer to threshold. action potential easier more irritability. more excitable

Back 14

hyperkalemia

Front 15

important in normal cardiac function

Back 15

calcium

Front 16

increased membrane excitability- neuro and muscle may feel numbness and tingle muscle spasm, spasm of larynx. concerned about airway ventilation. tetnay= generalized muscle spasm. tingling numbness hyperactive reflxes

Back 16

hypocalcemia

Front 17

cardiac depression- depresses longer heart rate slows down the heart rate

Back 17

hypocalcemia

Front 18

cardiac disturbances- normal or may be shotty tachycardia. might have hypertenison enhance digoxin toxicity

Back 18

hypercalcemia

Front 19

neurological disturbances- going to decrease excitation of muscle, weakness loss of muscle tone, lethargy, coma if to high seizures also decrease reflexes

Back 19

hypercalcemia

Front 20

recongnizing ___ ___
-tousseaus sign have spastic spasm upon inflation of the bp cuff. adduction of the thumb over the palm.

Back 20

carpopedal spasm
-hypocalcemia

Front 21

twitching of the lip at the corner of the mouth to spasm of all facial muscles depending on the severity of _____

Back 21

chovsteks sign
hypocalcemia

Front 22

essential for the functional integrity of neuromuscular system

Back 22

magnesium

Front 23

pregnant women growth failure. muscle spasm (tetany). muscle cramps, irritability of the cell membrane low potassium dysrythmias irritability of the cell membrane

Back 23

hypomagnesemia