Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the origin of cells for the adrenal CORTEX??
|
Coelomic epithelial cells - from an area of proliferation between the root of the GI dorsal mesentary and Medial UG Ridge.
|
|
When does the fetal adrenal cortex begin to develop?
|
Week 6
|
|
How does the Definitive Cortex form?
|
A second proliferation of coelomic epithelial cells surrounds the original fetal cortex.
|
|
How developed is the definitive cortex at birth?
|
Not completely.
|
|
How big does the fetal cortex get? How much of the Adrenal gland does it compose?
|
-Grows to over 20x the size of the definitive adrenal cortex.
-Makes up 80% of the fetal gland |
|
What stimulates the function of the adrenal cortex? (early/later)
|
Early: hGC
Later: ACTH |
|
When does the FETAL cortex begin to regress, and when is it gone?
|
-Regression starts at birth.
-Gone by 6 mo - 1 yr old. |
|
What enzyme in the steroid pathway is missing in the FETAL adrenal cortex? What is the result?
|
3-B-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase
Result: cannot make progesterone and cannot make androstenedione |
|
How does the fetal cortex make hormones, if it has no progesterone?
|
Progesterone comes from the placenta from the mom.
|
|
What is this cooperative action for making hormones called?
|
Materno-feto-placental Unit
|
|
What cells is the Adrenal MEDULLA derived from?
|
Neural Crest
|
|
What develops from the neural crest precursors of the medulla?
(3 things) |
-Chromaffin tissue
-Neurons -Glandular cells |
|
What is the effect of CAH on fetal development?
-females -males |
Females: Virilization - male like external genitalia.
Males: precocious devo of genitalia. |
|
What defect usually is the cause of Adrenal Hypoplasia?
|
Anencephaly - there is no ACTH to stimulate the adrenal gland because there is no pituitary gland.
|
|
Primary source of Amniotic fluid in First Trimester:
|
-Mother - decidual tissue
-Amnion |
|
Primary source of Amniotic Fluid in 2nd Trimester:
|
Urine - Kidney
Lungs - tracheobronchial secretions |
|
How is amniotic fluid resorbed?
|
Fetal swallowing
|
|
What is Polyhydramnios?
|
Increased volume of amniotic fluid
|
|
What causes polyhydramnios?
|
Esophageal or Duodenal atresia
-failure to resorbe |
|
What is the most common cause of Polyhydramnios?
|
Twins or multiple pregnancy
|
|
What is Oligohydramnios?
|
Too little amniotic fluid
|
|
What causes oligohydramnios?
|
Failure of kidney development - not enough amniotic fluid volume -Bilateral renal agenesis
-Urethral obstruction |
|
What results from oligohydramnios?
|
-Fetal deformation of the FACE and FEET
-Hypoplastic LUNGS -Umbilical cord may be compressed |
|
When is there enough Amniotic fluid to do amniocentesis?
|
By the 14th week = approximately 200 ml and sufficient to safely withdraw 20-30 ml
|