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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are two ways potassium is regulated?
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1.Renal mechanisms
2. Transcellular shifts |
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What is the normal range of potassium?
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3.5-5 mEq/L
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What happens to potassium when aldosterone is present?
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K is excreted
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What are some causes of hypokalemia (<3.5 mEq/L)
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Diet
Inablity to eat K free PN Diuretic therapy Corticosteriod tx Vomiting Diarrhea Insulin administration |
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What are some drugs that cause hypokalemia?
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Albuterol
Insulin overdose Caffeine (neonates) Pseudoephedrine Epinephrine Thiazides Furosemide High-dose PCN Sorbitol (laxative) |
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What are some hypokalemia manifestations?
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Polyuria
polydipsia cramps paresthesias Wide QT (EKG) metablolic alkalosis |
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What are some cuases for hyperkalemia (>5mEq/L)
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Diet, oral supplements
tissue trauma burns Crush injuries Extreme exercise Renal failure Tx w/ACEI (enalapril) |
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What can cause hypoparathyroid?
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neck surgery
thyroidectomy |
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What does hypoparathyroid result in?
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hypocalcemia (dec CA)
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What are some manifestations of hypoparathyroid?
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muscle cramps/tetany
personality changes |
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What are causes of hypocalcemia?
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Hypoparathyroidism
Hypomagnesemia Malabsorption Vitamin D def Renal failure Hyperphosphatemia |
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What does hyperpatarthyroid result in?
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hypercalcemia (^CA)
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What are causes of hypercalcemia?
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Excessive vitamin D
Excessive CA Thiazide diuretics |
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What are some manifestations of hypercalcemia?
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polyuria
polydipsia sigsn of kidney stones osteoporosis |
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What are causes of hypophosphatemia (<2.5)?
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Antacids
severe diarrhea Alkalosis Hyperparathyroidism Malnutrion Alcoholism Insulin administration |
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What are causes of hyperphosphatemia(>4.5)?
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Laxatives
enemas Kidney failure hypoparathyroidism |
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What are causes of hypomagnesemia (<1.8)?
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Alcoholism
malnutrition, starvation malabosroption sm bowel bypass DKA |
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What are manifestations of hypomagnesemia?
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Personality changes
HTN Nystagmus |
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What are causes of hyperpamgnesemia (>2.7)?
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IV administration
Kidney disease |
