Fluid, Electrolyte And Acid-Base Balances Pt2 Regulation Of Electrolytes

Front 1

4 Major cations within the body fluids include:

Back 1

Sodium (Na+)
Potassium (K+)
Calcium (Ca2+)
Magnesium (MG2+)

Front 2

Which cation is the most abundant in the ECF?

Back 2

Sodium which is 90%

Front 3

Which cation is a major contributor to maintaining water balance through their effect on serum osmolality, nerve impulse transmission, regulation of acid-base balance, and participation in cellular chemical reactions?

Back 3

Sodium

Front 4

Which cation is regulated by dietary intake and aldosterone secretion?

Back 4

Sodium (Na+)

Front 5

What are the normal sodium concentrations?

Back 5

135-145 mEq/L

Front 6

Which cation is the major electrolyte and principle cation in the intracellular compartment? It also regulates many metabolic activities and is necessary for glycogen deposits in the liver and skeletal muscle,transmission and conduction of nerve impulses, normal cardiac conduction and skeletal and smooth muscle contraction.

Back 6

Potassium (K+)

Front 7

Approximately what percentage of Potassium is found within the ECF?

Back 7

2%

Front 8

Normal ranges for for serum potassium concentrations are?

Back 8

3.5-5 mEq/L

Front 9

What cation is regulated by dietary intake and renal excretion?

Back 9

Potassium (K+)

Front 10

The body conserves potassium poorly, what condition decrease serum potassium concentration?

Back 10

Conditions that increase urineoutput

Front 11

Where is calcium stored?

Back 11

In the bones, plasma, and body cells.

Front 12

What percentage of all the calcium is stored in the bone?

Back 12

99%

Front 13

What percentage of all the calcium is located in ECF?

Back 13

1%

Front 14

50% of calcium in the plasma is bound to protein, primarily albumin, and 40% is free ionized calcium. The remaining small percentage is combined with non protein anions such as

Back 14

phosphate, citrate, and carbonate.

Front 15

Normal serum ionized calcium is

Back 15

4.5-5.5mEq/L

Front 16

Normal total calcium is

Back 16

8.5-10.5 mg/100ml

Front 17

This cation is necessary for bone and teeth formation, blood clotting, hormone secretion, cell membrane integrity, cardiac conduction, transmission of nerve impulses, and muscle contraction.

Back 17

Calcium (Ca2+)

Front 18

This anion is essential for enzyme activities, neurochemical activities, and cardiac and skeletal muscle excitability.

Back 18

Magnesium (Mg2+)

Front 19

Plasma concentration for magnesium ranges from

Back 19

1.5-2.5mEq/L

Front 20

This cation is regulated by dietary intake, renal mechanisms, and actions of the parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Back 20

Magnesium (Mg2+)

Front 21

About 50-60% of magnesium is contained within the bone, and only 1% is contained within the ECF compartment; the rest is located inside the

Back 21

cell

Front 22

What are the three major anions of body fluids?

Back 22

Chloride (Cl-)
Bicarbonate (HCO-3)
Phosphate (PO4 3-)

Front 23

What is the mayor anion in the ECF?

Back 23

Chloride

Front 24

The transport of which anion follows sodium?

Back 24

Chloride

Front 25

Normal concentrations of Chloride range from

Back 25

90-110mEq/L

Front 26

Which anion is regulated by dietary intake and the kidneys?

Back 26

Chloride anions.

Front 27

A person with normal renal function who has a high chloride intake will excrete higher amounts of

Back 27

urine chloride

Front 28

The major chemical base buffer within the body is

Back 28

Bicarbonate

Front 29

Bicarbonate is found in which two places?

Back 29

In the ECF and the ICF

Front 30

This anion is an essential component of the carbonic acid bicarbonate buffering system essential to acid base balance.

Back 30

Bicarbonate

Front 31

What regulates bicarbonate?

Back 31

The Kidneys

Front 32

Normal arterial bicarbonate levels range from

Back 32

22-26mEq.L

Front 33

Venous bicarbonate is measured as carbon dioxide content, and the normal value is

Back 33

24-30mEq/L

Front 34

An anion found primarily in the ICF and with a small amount found in the ECF

Back 34

Phosphate (Phosphorus)

Front 35

This anion assists in acid base regulation. It also assists with calcium to help to develop and maintain bones and teeth. This anion with calcium are inversely proportional; if one rises, the other one falls.

Back 35

Phosphate (Phosphorus)

Front 36

This anion also promotes neuromuscular action and participates in carbohydrate metabolism. It is normally absorbed through the GI tract and it is regulated by dietary intake, renal excretion, intestinal absorption, and PTH.

Back 36

Phosphate (Phosphorus)