Fluid Balance And Electrolytes-Pathophysiology

Front 1

What is Osmosis

Back 1

Movement of hm2 from area of low concentration of electrolytes to lower area of electrolytes. (Water seeks salt)

Occurs without energy

Front 2

What is Diffusion

Back 2

Movement of electolytes from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration area.

Sometimes require transport

Occurs without use of energy

Front 3

What is Osmotic pressure

Back 3

Concentration of electrolytes in fluid

Higher electro=higher osmotic pressure

AKA Tonicity

Front 4

What is Isotonic

Back 4

Same osmotic pressure between cell and ecf

Cell stays the same size

No change in balance b/t icf and ecf

Front 5

What kind of fluid is

NS 0.9%

Back 5

Isotonic

Front 6

What kind of fluid is

D5W

Back 6

Isotonic

Front 7

What kind of fluid is

d5 1/4 NS

Back 7

Isotonic

Front 8

What kind of fluid is

LR

Back 8

Isotonic

Front 9

In a isotonic situation how does water move in and out of a cell

Back 9

Equal Tonicity (osmosis + diffusion)

Front 10

releasing and inhibiting horomones

what gland?

Back 10

hypothalamus

Front 11

What kind of fluid is

Distilled water

Back 11

Hypotonic

Front 12

What kind of fluid is

1/2 NS

Back 12

Hypotonic

Front 13

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution

Back 13

The swell will cell because the fluid will attempt to water down electro in cell.

Front 14

What is a hypertonic solution?

Back 14

Solution has a higher osmotic pressure than cell

Front 15

What kind of fluid is

D10W

Back 15

Hypertonic

Front 16

What kind of fluid is
D 5 1/2 NS

Back 16

Hypertonic

Front 17

What happens to a cell in a Hypertonic solution

Back 17

The cell will shrink because the icf will attempt to dillute ECF causing the cell to shrink

Front 18

What is normal icf fluid volume?

Back 18

28 LITERS (40%)

Front 19

What is normal interstitial fluid volume?

Back 19

10 l

Front 20

What is normal Plasma fluid volume?

Back 20

3.5 L

Front 21

What is normal Transcellular fluid volume?

Back 21

1 Liter

Front 22

In the adult normal weight of body fluid is what %

Back 22

60%

Front 23

Any exchange of fluids occurs where?

Back 23

In the capillaries

Front 24

What is interstitial fluid?

Back 24

Any fluid in the tissues

Front 25

Interstitial fliud helps keep BP up by_______ and can be used as a

Back 25

Keeping the vascular fluid in the vessels,

reserve

*Also keeps fluid in place

Front 26

Plasma is the ____ and keeps the _______volume up. It also tansports the ____

Back 26

Vascular fluid, Vascular, Cells

Front 27

Transcellular fluid is found in the

Back 27

Peritoneal cavity, CSF, synovial fluid

Front 28

Hippocampus:

Back 28

A large structure located between the thalamus and cerebral cortex toward the posterior portion of the forebrain. Critical for memory formation.

Front 29

IN EDEMA 1 LITER OF FLUID = HOW MANY KG

Back 29

1 KG

Front 30

HOW DO YOU MEASURE EDEMA

Back 30

+1 - +4

Front 31

Edema is more fluid than the_____ can hold

Back 31

interstitial gel

Front 32

Third spacing is a increase in fluid in the _____ or ______

Back 32

body cavity, sac

Front 33

Third spacing in the abd is ______, in the pericardial sac is _________ and in the pleural space is_______

Back 33

acites, pericardial effusion, pleural effusion

Front 34

To access hydration and electrolyte levels via lab are____ and ____.

Back 34

BMP,BUN/GLUCOSE/NA/CL

CMP-LIVER ENZYMES, ALBUMIN, TOTAL PROTEIN

Front 35

In isotonic fluid volume deficit ____ loss is proportianete to ____

Back 35

NACL, H2O

Front 36

In isotonic fluid volume deficit results in _______. On lavs there will be a increase in concentraion of ____ and _____

Back 36

Hypovolemia, rbc, het

Front 37

Causes of isotonic fluid volume deficits are from______ and some _______dx

Back 37

AGE AND KIDNEY DX

Front 38

In isotonic fluid volume deficit WEIGHT LOSS IS MEASURED BY

Back 38

2% MILD, 5% MODERATE, 8% SEVERE

Front 39

In isotonic fluid volume deficit s/s are

Back 39

weight loss

hypotension

weak pulse, -cap refill, dry mouth, decrease uop

Front 40

In isotonic fluid volume deficit tx

Back 40

PO FLUIDS AND ISOTONIC FLUIDS

Front 41

In isotonic fluid volume EXCESS THERE IS AN INCREASE

Back 41

H2O AND NACL

Front 42

In isotonic fluid volume excess blood volume is_______ and the ___ and ____may fall

Back 42

hypervolemic, rbc, het

Front 43

In isotonic fluid volume excess s/s

Back 43

weight gain 2/5/8

full bounding pulse

sob

Front 44

In isotonic fluid volume excess tx

Back 44

low sodium diet

diuretics

Front 45

causes of isotonic fluid volume excess are

Back 45

heart failure-decreased blood flow

kidneys-poor secretion of h2o and nacl

corticosteriod therapy- incre nacl reabsorption by kidneys

Front 46

What is hyponatremia

Back 46

Low sodium concentration

Front 47

What population is hyponatremia seen in? Why?

Back 47

elderly because of renal fxn

poor homestatic controls with dx

Front 48

What is hyponatremia s/s.

What system does it affect

Back 48

Muscle cramps

weakness

fatigue

skeletal muscles

Front 49

Hyponatremia may be ___,____,_____ volemic

Back 49

hypo, hyper, normo

Front 50

What is causes hyponatremia

Back 50

water intoxication

decreased reanl function

Front 51

What is hyponatremia tx

Back 51

Dependant on hypo, normo, hypervolemic

Front 52

What is hypernatremia

Back 52

Increased NA

Front 53

What is hypernatremia s/s

Back 53

thirst, decreae uop, neuro change if severe

Front 54

What is hypernatremia tx

Back 54

preferably po water hypotonic IVF

Front 55

In hypernatremia increase na causes increase ______ of plasma. This equals cellular______

Back 55

tonicity, cellular dehydration

Front 56

Potassium in the by is regulated by the ______ via____

Back 56

kidneys aldosterom

Front 57

Many cells in the body are very sensitive to _____ because potassium is responsible for ________,_______

Back 57

change, conducting impulses

Front 58

Various areas of the body affected by lack of potassium are ____,______,______

Back 58

cardiac muscles, skeletal muscles and neurons

Front 59

Cause of Hypokalemia are______,____,_____.

It can be caused by increased____ and ______

Back 59

poor dietary intake,

aldosterone, trauma

Front 60

Hypokalemia can be caused by metabolic______ in the ____

Back 60

alkalosis, kidneys

Front 61

In Hypokalemia the GI Tract may show _______ gi sxn or _____stools

Back 61

excessive, watery

Front 62

In hypokalemia, there is a redistribution of potassium b/t ____ and _______ by drugs such as ____

Back 62

ecf, icf, insulin

Front 63

In hypokalemia the s/s are

Back 63

EKG changes

arrythmias, fatigue, muscle cramps

Front 64

Treatment of Hypokalemia is

Back 64

oral K or if severe ivf K

Front 65

In Hyperkalemia there are elavated

Back 65

K

Front 66

In hyperkalemia the s/s are

Back 66

muscle weakness, dyspnea, arrythmias

Front 67

In hyperkalemia the tx is _______, ______

Back 67

low k diet and dialysis

Front 68

The biggest worries with affect is that K effects the ____whereas na affects the ____

Back 68

heart, skeletal muscle

Front 69

What causes hypocalcimeia

Back 69

mostly renal failure

Front 70

What is hypocalcimeia s/s

Back 70

increased excitation of nerve and muslce cells, parathesia, tetany, seizures and death if severe.

Front 71

What is hypocalcimeia tx

Back 71

Dialysis and high ca+ diet

Front 72

What is hypercalcimeia s/s

Back 72

decreased excitation of nerve an muscle cells

changes in personality, arrhythmia

Front 73

What is hypercalcemeia causes

Back 73

cancers, bone wasting, hyperparathyroidism

Front 74

What is hypercalcemia tx

Back 74

Hydration to increase excretion and loop diuretics