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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Works as solvent for transport
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water
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eliminates wastes through kidney, skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract
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water
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Assists with temp regulation
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water
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Lubricant for joints
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water
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comprises 40% of total body weight
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intracellular
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Consists of intravascular fluid opr plasma and interstitial fluid that is between the cells and outsided the blood vessels
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Extracellular
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Large amount of K+, mg+,po4-
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intracellular
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larger amount of Na+, hco3-, cl-, Ca+
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extracellular
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Spacing of fluids.
1st space= |
Normal distribution
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spacing of fluids
2nd space |
abnomal accumulation in interstitial compartment resulting in edema
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what causes increased hydrostatic pressure or decreased colloid osmotic or oncontic pressure in veins?
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edema, 2nd space fluid filling
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spacing of fluid
accumulation in potential spaces (peritoneum, pancreas, intestines) |
3rd space
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process of water movement through a semipermeable membrane from an area of LOW solute concentrate to an area HIGH solute concentration.
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Osmosis
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The pulling force for water created by numbers of molecules.
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osmotic pressure
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What is normal serum osmolarity
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280-295mOsm/kg
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What is normal serum osmolarity
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280-295mOsm/kg
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normal serum osmolartiy means
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the osmotic pressure of a solution
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Has same osmolarity as blood plasma
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isotonic fluids
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what expands intravascular volume without causing a fluid shift
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isotonic fluids
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Pulls fluids from cells since the solution has more osmotic pressure then the interstitial fluid or intracellular fluid.
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hypertonic fluids
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What moves fluid into cells because intracellular fluid has more pulling power
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hypotonic fluids
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hypertonic and hypotoninc both occure through
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osmosis
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moves fluid into cells because intracellular fluid has more pulling power
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hypotonic fluids
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movement of molecules or solute in a solution across a semipermeable membrane from an area of HIGHER concentrate to an area of LOWER concentration.
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Diffusion
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Stops when concentration is same in both areas.
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Diffusion
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O2 and CO2 diffuse across alveolar capillary membranes
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Diffusion
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The process of water and diffusable substances such as electrolytes move together across semipermeavle membranes in a response to fluid pressure.
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Filtration
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Movement of materials across the membranes and epithelial layers of a cell by jmeans of chemical activity that allows the cell to admit otherwise impermeable molecules against a concentration gradient.
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active transport
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What pulls potassium into cells and sodium out of cells
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Sodium-potassium pump.
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enzymes along with ATP is required for?
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active transport
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Cells absorb what for energy
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glucose
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where is the thirst control center located?
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hypothalamus
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often blunted response in older adults
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thirst center
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What responds to reduction in water
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thirst control center
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Causes kidneys to retain water when the hypothalamus senses low blood volume and increased serum osmolarity.
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ADH
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What gland secretes ADH
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posterior pituitary gland
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these cells of the kidney secrete renin when blood flow to glomerulus drops
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juxtaglomerular cells
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Renin converts what in the liver to angiotensin I.
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Angiotensionogen
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Renin converts angiotensionogen in the liver to ?
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angiotensin I.
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Na+ and water retention, and K+ excretion by kidneys is caused by
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aldosterone
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What attracts water to exert colloid osmotic pressure
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albumin
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decreased colloid will cause water to do what
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leave intravascular compartment (plasma) and go into intersitial spaces. resulting in edema
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what contributes to fluid volume deficit with in intravascular compartments
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albumin
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To maintain water balance, output shoud be within how many cc's of intake?
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200
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packed red cell volume exxpressed as a percentage of the total blood volume
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hematocrit
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normal hema for men and woman
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40-54 men
38-47 wom |
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raise im hema is from
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dehydration or water loss
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hema decreases with
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hemodilution aka... fluids excessively retained.
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test that measuresamount of byproduct of muscle metabolism that is excreted by kidneys.
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serum creatinne
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normal serum creatine is
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.5-1.2mg
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serum creatinine increases with what disease? and decreases with what?
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kidney disease
muscle atrophy |
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test of amount of nitrogenous product present in blood as urea
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BUN
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normal BUN test is
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10-20mg
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Increase in BUn with? and decreased with
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kidney dysfunction and decreaed with malnutrition, water excess, hepatic damage
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Urines degree of concentration is?
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urine specific gravity
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evaluates kidneys abliity to cnserve or excrete water
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urines specific gravity
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normal urine specific gravity level is
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1.010-1.025
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affected only by the number of particles 50-1400 mOsm.
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Urine osmolatity
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urine output less then 30cc/hr
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Fluid Vol def
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Urine specific gravity of more then 1030, and amber colored is
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Fluid volum Def
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Increased loss from vomitying or diarrhea, fever 2rd space fluid shifts, diuretics can result in
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Fluid V Def
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decreased intake, nausea, anorexia cant drink or swallow, decreased in thirst results in
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fluid vol def
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Signs of FVD
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Dry mucose membranes. decreased saliva, bad skin turgor
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weakness and thirst, are signs of
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FVD
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weak rapid pulse and decreased BP and drop in BP when moving from laying to standing is a sign of
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fvd
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wt loss, slow vein fill, increased HCT and BUN. Clear lungs is a sign of what
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FVD
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nursing care for FVD should be?
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i and o
turn pt offer fluids antiemetics for nausea |
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Decreased fluid losss in excessive Iv administration,chf, renal failue, chronic liver disease and log term use of steroids are risk factors for what?
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FV Excess
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oliguria and decreased urine SG of less then 1.003 is a sign of
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F V E
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full bounding pulse, increased HR is a sign of
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FVE
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Moist breath sounds (crackles) DOB confusion are signs of
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fve
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Moist breath sounds (crackles) DOB confusion are signs of
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fve
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Moist breath sounds (crackles) DOB confusion are signs of
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fve
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nursing care for FVD should be?
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i and o
turn pt offer fluids antiemetics for nausea |
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distended neck and peripheral veins and slow emptying of hand veins is a sign of what?
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FVE
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Nursing practices for Fluid V Excess would be what?
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Low sodioum
avoid olives pickles soy sauce bacon sausage cheese administer diuretics turn q1h to avoid skin breakdown encourage rest for diuresis |
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Contols water balance, primary regulator of ECF vol.
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Sodium (135-145)
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Generatioin and transmisson of nerve impulses Sodium pot pump
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Sodium
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Sodium is conserved by the___
with what? |
Kidneys with aldosterone
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Loss of sodium in Gi fluids, diuretics, adrenal insufficiency is?
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Hyponatremia
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Too much drinking of water without electrolyte replacement is
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hyponatremia
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when excessive adh is secreted what happens?
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SIADH
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characteristics of hyponatremia
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anorexia, nausia, vomiting
congusion muscle cramps, fingerprinting over sternum sezures |
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Serum Na below 135 results in
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hyponatermia
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related factors for hypernatremia
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excessive salt intake in food
increased water loss throuwh sweating heatstroke drowning in sea deprivation of water |
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characteristics for hypernatremia
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thirst dry tongue, sticky mucous
elevated temp disorientation hallucinations seizures coma |
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serum Na above 145 is characteristic of
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hypernatremia
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nursing practices for hypernatremia are
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offering fluids regularly
monitor i and o teach what food fluids to avoid |
