Fluid And Electrolytes

Front 1

Intracellular fluid

Back 1

Within cell

Front 2

Extracellular fluid

Back 2

Intravascular plasma, intersitial fluid, transcellular fluid

Front 3

Every kg (2.2lbs) of weight gained or lost

Back 3

Is 1L (1000mL) of fluid

Front 4

Na+

Back 4

135-145..most abundant cation, extracellular

Front 5

Na+ function

Back 5

Controls ans regulatws water balance

Front 6

K+

Back 6

3.5-5, major cation Intracellular

Front 7

K+ function

Back 7

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle

Front 8

Ca++

Back 8

9.0-10.5, skeltal system

Front 9

Foods with NA+ and Cl-

Back 9

Bacon, ham, processed cheese, table salt

Front 10

K+ rich foods

Back 10

Potato with skin, veggies, fruits

Front 11

Cl-

Back 11

98-106, anion of extracellular

Front 12

Fluid Volume Deficit manifestations

Back 12

Dry tongue, low bp, decreased urine output, poor skin turgor, weak pulse

Front 13

Fluid Volume Excess

Back 13

Clients with heart failure at high risk! Crackles, rales, bounding pulse, high bo, edema in lower extremeties, ascites

Front 14

Hyponatremia causes

Back 14

Excess perspiration, diuretics, water replacement with large amts of water or IV D5W

Front 15

Hyponatremia treatment

Back 15

Monitor i&o, serum Na+, vitals, Na+ rich foods

Front 16

Hyponatremia manifestations

Back 16

Lethargy, confusion, muscle twitching, abdominal cramps, seizures, coma

Front 17

Hypernatremia causes

Back 17

Excess intake of salt, diarrhea, decreases h2o intake, heatstroke, fever

Front 18

Hypernatremia treatment

Back 18

Sodium restricted diet, encourage fluids

Front 19

Hypernatremia manifestations

Back 19

Dry mouth, reddened tongue, thirst, disorientation, convulsions

Front 20

Hypokalemia Causes

Back 20

Vomitting, diarrhea, oor intake of K+, use of diuretics

Front 21

Hypokalemia Treatment

Back 21

Monitor hr and rhythm, administer oral K+ or IV(NEVER PUSH), encourage K+ foods

Front 22

Hypokalemia Manifestations

Back 22

Leg cramps, Cardiac Dysrythmias, depressed deep tendon reflexes

Front 23

Hyperkalemia Causes

Back 23

Excess of K+, renal failure, burns, trauma, infection

Front 24

Hyperkalemia Treatment

Back 24

Monitor cardiac status closely, avoid K+ rich food, hold K+ supplements

Front 25

Hyperkalemia Manifestations

Back 25

Areflexia, Paresthesias(tingles and numbness), cardiac dysrythmias and arrest

Front 26

Hypocalcemia Causes

Back 26

removal of parathyroid gland, vitamin D deficiency, acute pancreatitis, thyroid cancer

Front 27

Hypocalcemia Treatment

Back 27

Monitor respiratory and cardiac status, teach about osteoporosis prevention, administer Ca++ IV as ordered

Front 28

Hypocalcemia Manifestations

Back 28

Muscle tremors, numbness and tingling of mouth and extremities, positive trousseaus and chvostek's signs, confusion, anxiety

Front 29

Positive Trousseau's

Back 29

twitching of hand when blood pressure is on short time of 20mmHg above patients systolic

Front 30

Positive Chvosteks

Back 30

Tapping on face in front of ear...twitching occurs ipsilaterally(on the same side)

Front 31

Hypercalcemia Causes

Back 31

Ca+ higher than 10.5mg/dl, prolonged immobilization, bone malignancy, excess intake of calcium

Front 32

Hypercalcemia Treatment

Back 32

Increase activity as ordered, encourage oral fluids, limit high Ca+ foods or supplements

Front 33

Hypercalcemia Manifestations

Back 33

Constipation, Kidney stones, polyuria, hypercalcuria, water pills cause this and bone tumors

Front 34

Isotonic

Back 34

No osmosis shifts, equal homeostasis, 0.9% NaCl

Front 35

Hypertonic

Back 35

Skinny, shrinking cells, more out than in, D5.9% NaCl

Front 36

Hypotonic

Back 36

Swollen cells, more in the out, .45% NaCl