Fluid And Electrolytes

Front 1

NA

Back 1

135-145 mEq/L

Front 2

K

Back 2

3.5-5.0 MEQ/L

Front 3

CA 2+ (IONIZED)

Back 3

4.5-5.5 MG/DL

Front 4

BICARB (HCO3-)

Back 4

22-26 (ARTERIAL) MEQ/L (metabolic problem if off)
less- acidosis
more- alkalosis

Front 5

CL-

Back 5

95-105 MEQ/L

Front 6

MG2+

Back 6

1.5-2.5 MEQ/L

Front 7

PO4-3 (PHOSPHATE)

Back 7

2.8-4.5 MG/DL

Front 8

serum means

Back 8

in the blood.

Front 9

FVD (hypovolemia)

Back 9

water/electrolyte loss:
Fever
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Bleeding
Symptoms-collapsed neck veins, elevated hematocrit, weight loss, tachycardia, poor skin turgor

Front 10

FVE (hypervolemia)

Back 10

water/electrolyte retaiened:
Distended neck veins
Edema
Bounding pulse
Crackles in lungs
Engorged peripheral veins

Front 11

hyperosmolar imbalance

Back 11

dehydration

Front 12

hypoosmolar imbalance

Back 12

water excess

Front 13

normal PH

Back 13

7.35-7.45
above- alkalosis
below- acidosis (butt= ac!)

Front 14

PACO2

Back 14

35-45 mm hg (respiratory problem if off)
above= acidosis
below= alkalosis

Front 15

PaO2

Back 15

80-100 mm hg

Front 16

ox sat

Back 16

95-99%
pao2 below 60---> sats drop

Front 17

compensation for metabolic acidodsis

Back 17

increase respiration to excrete co2

Front 18

compensatino for metabolic alkalosis

Back 18

decrease in respiratory rate and renal loss of bicarbonate

Front 19

diarrhea causes loss of

Back 19

potassium

Front 20

inracellular fluid

Back 20

inside cells
about 40% of body weight

Front 21

extracellular fluid

Back 21

outside (interstitial and blood plasma)
provides a substantial portion of the body's liquids

Front 22

where is the potassium?

Back 22

inside the cell
(with phosphate)

Front 23

where is sodium?

Back 23

outside the cell
(with chloride) SALT!

Front 24

osmosis

Back 24

Movement of a pure solvent such as water from an area of lesser to one of greater concentration

Front 25

diffusion

Back 25

Diffusion:
Random movement of a solute through a semipermeable membrane from higher to lower concentration

Front 26

active transport

Back 26

Movement of ions against osmotic pressure to an area of higher pressure

Front 27

filtration

Back 27

Movement water and diffusible substances move together across a membrane, under pressure, from higher to lower pressure

Front 28

What is the most abundant cation in ECF?

Back 28

sodium (90%)

Front 29

normal saline means

Back 29

normal with blood

Front 30

Where is 90% of our calcium?

Back 30

bone tissue

Front 31

What is proportional with calcium?
(as one rises the other falls)

Back 31

Phosphate
Phil and Carol :)

Front 32

What can low sodium result in?

Back 32

SEIZURES!!!

Front 33

What are some signs of hypocalcemia?

Back 33

Shvostek (tight cheek)
Trousseua (tighten arm, crunched hand)

Front 34

.9% normal saline is?

Back 34

isotonic (same as plasma)

Front 35

1 oz =

Back 35

30 mls fluid
or 15 mls of ice chips

Front 36

dextrose 5% in water

Back 36

isotonic
d5w

Front 37

dextrose 10% in water

Back 37

hypertonic
d10w

Front 38

0.45% sodium chloride
(half normal saline)

Back 38

hypotonic
1/2 NS or 0.45% NS

Front 39

0.33% sodium chloride
(1/3 normal saline)

Back 39

hypotonic
1/3 NS

Front 40

0.9% sodium chloride
(normal saline)

Back 40

isotonic
NS
0.9% Ns
0.9% nacl

Front 41

3-5% sodium chloride

Back 41

hypertonic
3-5% ns
3-5% nacl

Front 42

dextrose 5% in 0.9% sodium chloride

Back 42

hypertonic
d5 0.9% nacl
d5 0.9% Ns
d5ns

Front 43

dextrose 5% in 0.45% nacl sodium chloride

Back 43

hypertonic
d5 0.45% nacl
d5 0.45% ns
d5 1/2 ns

Front 44

lactated ringer's

Back 44

isotonic
LR

Front 45

dextrose 5% in lactated ringer's

Back 45

hypertonic d5LR

Front 46

what is an electrolyte?

Back 46

An element or compound that, when dissolved or dissociated in water or solvent, separates into ions

Front 47

what are the cations?

Back 47

sodium, potassium, calcium.
positive

Front 48

what are the anions?

Back 48

chloride, bicarbonate, sulfate.
negative

Front 49

Electrolytes are dissolved in ...

Back 49

plasma.

Front 50

what does a hypertonic solution do?

Back 50

pull fluid from the cells
shrink

Front 51

what does a hypotonic solution do?

Back 51

push fluid into cells
enlarge

Front 52

renin angiotensin aldosterone mechanism

Back 52

renin-angiotensin 1- angiotensin 2- aldosterone

Front 53

what is aldosterone?

Back 53

hormone that increases sodium reabsorption and potassium/ hydrogen secretion

Front 54

where all is fluid lost?

Back 54

through the kidneys, skin, lungs, and gi tract

Front 55

where are buffers located?
(for acid-base balance)

Back 55

lungs and kidneys

Front 56

what are some electrolyte disturbances?

Back 56

hypo/hyper natremia
hypo/hyper chloremia
hypo/hyper magnesemia
hypo/hyper calcemia

Front 57

what are some fluid disturbances?

Back 57

isotonic
osmolar

Front 58

what are some acid base disturbances?

Back 58

metabolic acidosis
metabolic alkalosis
respiratory alkalosis
respiratory acidosis

Front 59

what does hypernatremia cause?
hypo?

Back 59

irritability, thirst, CNS probs
CNS probs seizures

Front 60

hyperkalemia causes
hypokalemia causes

Back 60

irregular heart rate (vent. fib. & ECG changes), CNS probs
caused by met alkalosis; bradycardia, ECG/CNS probs

Front 61

hyper?
hypomagnesemia causes

Back 61

loss of dtrs, CNS depress, dec neuromuscular function
hyperactive dtrs, CNS probs (alcoholism)

Front 62

what can lead to magnesium imbalance?

Back 62

alcohol

Front 63

drip rate calculation

Back 63

(ml/min) x drops

Front 64

Respiratory Acidosis

Back 64

co2 excess, hypo, resp failure
comp: kidneys conserve bicarb and excrete H

Front 65

Respiratory Alkalosis

Back 65

co2 deficit, hyper, hypoxemia. acute pulmonary disorders
comp: rare--> treat hypoxemia

Front 66

metabolic acidosis

Back 66

bicarb deficit or co2 increase
caused by-ketoacidosis, lactic acid, diarrhea, kidney disease,diabetes, starvation
comp: increase co2 excretion (kussmauls) or kidneys excrete acid

Front 67

metabolic alkalosis

Back 67

bicarb excess from vomit or suction.
comp: decrease resp rate to incr co2, renal exretion bicarb
[ HYPOKALEMIA]

Front 68

What does acidosis cause H ions in the blood to be exchanged for?

Back 68

K

Front 69

osmotic pressure
hydrostatic pressure
oncotic pressure

Back 69

flow of water
force into a compartement
exert by colloids (protein=albumin)

Front 70

plasma to instersitial space & low albumin =

Back 70

edema

Front 71

water deficit
excess

Back 71

high ECF
low ECF

Front 72

first spacing
second
third

Back 72

normal
edema
abnormal, hard to exchange in ECF

Front 73

decrease thirst mechanism=

Back 73

decrease fluid intake

Front 74

When giving a hypertonic solution what do you listen for?

Back 74

crackles in lungs

Front 75

name some colloids

Back 75

albumin, plasma, and packed RBCs

Front 76

hypercalcemia
hypo

Back 76

thirst, CNS probs
tetany, Chvostek and Trousseau, CNS probs, ECG, twitching
*walk patient?

Front 77

Who do we not give water to?

Back 77

low NA

Front 78

kidneys can regulate

Back 78

acid/base
fluid
& electrolyes!

Front 79

metabolic acidosis
respiratory alkalosis

Back 79

diabetes & starvation
anxiety, fast breath

Front 80

hypotonic
hypertonic

Back 80

pushes (fat bc big O)
pulls (skinny)

Front 81

colloid osmotic pressure

Back 81

albumin
pulls fluid in cap
[hydro- pushes fluid out cap]

Front 82

ADH

Back 82

water retention w/ too much NA

Front 83

ECF volume deficit

Back 83

dec skin turgor, orthostatic hypotension, thirst, low urine.
Weigh pt!

Front 84

What meds are toxic w hypokalemia?

Back 84

lasix and digoxin

Front 85

which one spares K?

Back 85

spironolactone