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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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name some characteristics of fluent speech
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-little effort is needed
-free of tension -smooth/continuous -quick -does not contain numerous dysfluencies |
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name the major types of dysfluencies
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-part-word/syllable repetitions
-whole-word repetitions -phrase repetitions -sound prolongations -blocks -interjections -pauses/broken words -revisions |
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most professionals agree that dysfluencies exceeding __% in speech is considered to be dysfluent speech/stuttering.
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5%
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stuttering is more common in males or females?
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males
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the prevalence of stuttering is thought to be ___% of the population
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5%
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what is the ratio of stuttering among male and female children?
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3:1
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is stuttering thought to have familial prevalence?
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yes
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what is spontaneous recovery?
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an individual spontaneously recovers from stuttering/producing dysfluent speech without seeking Tx
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what are some secondary behaviors of stuttering?
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-grimmaces of the face
-movements of hands/feet/extremeties -eye blinking |
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research shows that adults and school age children tend to stutter on:
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-consonants
-first sounds/syllables of words -content words -first words in sentences -longer and/or less commonly used words |
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research shows that young children tend to stutter on:
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-function words
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what is the adaptation effect?
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when stuttering is reduced by susequent readings of the same passage
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what is the consistency effect?
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when stuttering occurs on the same words/sounds/areas of a passage read aloud muliple times
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what is the adjacency effect?
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when stuttering occurs in new words adjacent to previously stuttered words when reading aloud a passage multiple times
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what is the audience size effect?
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when stuttering increases as a result of the size of the audience
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four main types of hypotheses about stuttering
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-genetic
-neurophysiological -behavioral/learned -pyschoneurosis |
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list some things that a case Hx for a stuttering client should include
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-age of onset
-family Hx of stuttering -first signs of stuttering included... -Hx of previous Tx for stuttering -health Hx -speech/language/hearing Hx -current plans/jobs regarding education and occupation |
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ways in which the frequency of dysfluencies can be assessed:
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-conversational sample
-reading aloud |
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Tx methods for stuttering:
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-fluent stuttering
-fluency shaping -reinforcement of fluency -masking/DAF -direct stuttering reduction |
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neurogenic stuttering may result from:
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-CVA
-TBI -drug toxicity -progressive neurological diseases |
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what are some characteristics of cluttering?
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-monotone
-excessive dysfluencies -spoonerisms -rapid syllable repitions and articulation errors -uneven rythm of speech -lack of awareness regarding speech |
