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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are 3 enviornmental factors for stuttering?
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1. Parents
2. Speech and Language Environment 3. Life Events |
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The speech ang language environment for a PWS needs what two things?
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HIGH support and LOW demand
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What are the communication stresses from the environment of a PWS?
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-rapid speech of others
-long words/high vocab. of others (try to stick to one syllable) -complex sentences of others -lots of questioning by others -use of more than 1 language at home -irreputions by others -competition to speak -demand to perform/be on display with speech -loss of attention of listener -hurried/rushed -excited |
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True/False
stuttering is at higher incidence in children who are learning more than one language at home |
True
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Do life events have a lot to do with stuttering?
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No
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What are the two learning factors?
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Classical and Operant Conditioning
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Operant Conditioning Types...
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-positive/negative reinforcement
-punishment -shaping -extinction -stimulus generalization -important variables -start with 1 |
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positive reinforcement
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behavior is followed by a desirable reward and the behavior increases
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negative reinforcement
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behavior is followed by removal of an aversive event and the behavior increases
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punishment
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behavior is followed by an aversive consequence and the behavior decreases (as long as you keep punishing)
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shaping
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to teach a new behavior, reward behaviors that are successively closer to the target behavior
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extinction
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if reward no longer follows behavior, the behavior gradually disappears
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stimulus generalization
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behavior learned in one situation occurs in similar situations
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important variables
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strength timing and frequency of consequence
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start with 1
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1 reward and gradually move to variable ratio; hope eventually they are internally rewarded.
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