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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the primary function of the urinary system?
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Regulates the pressure, volume and contents of the blood
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What are the parts of the urinary system?
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Two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, one urethra
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What are the functions of the urinary system?
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Regulate blood, eliminate wastes
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What are some waste products eliminated in urine?
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ammonia, urea, uric acid, bilirubin, bacteria, toxins
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Where are the kidneys located?
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behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity (retroperitoneal)
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What are the two distinct regions inside the kidney?
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medulla - the inner portion
cortex - the outer portion |
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What and where are the renal pyramids?
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8-18 cone-shaped structures in the medulla of the kidney.They are made up of tubules and blood vessels
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What is a renal papilla?
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The apex of each renal pyramid
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What are renal columns?
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The portions of the cortex that extend into the spaces between the renal pyramids
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What is the main functional unit of the kidney?
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The nephron
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What are collecting ducts?
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The collecting ducts of a renal pyramid empty urine into a region of the renal pelvis called the MINOR CALYX
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What is the composition of urine?
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95% water, 5% solutes, including: urea, uric acid, creatinine, sodium potassium, phosphate, hydrogen, bicarbonate, ammonia, electrolytes
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What are the three processes involved in the formation of urine?
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filtration
reabsorption secretion |
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Where in the kidney does filtration take place?
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At the renal corpuscle
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What is a renal pelvis?
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an expansion of the upper end of a ureter
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What is a calyx (plural, calyces)?
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a division of the renal pelvis
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What is a nephron?
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A microscopic, funnel-shaped structure in the kidney, consisting of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. It is the primary functioning unit of the kidney
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What is Bowman's capsule?
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The cup-shaped top of a nephron that surrounds a glomerulus
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What is a glomerulus?
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A network of blood capillaries tucked into a Bowman's capsule
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What is an afferent arteriole?
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the small artery that delivers blood to the glomerulus
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What is an efferent arteriole?
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the blood vessel that drains the glomerulus
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Which is larger in diameter--the afferent arteriole or the efferent arteriole?
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afferent.
This creates the high blood pressure in the glomerulus that is required for filtration |
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What are the four parts of a renal tubule?
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Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle Distal convoluted tubule Collecting tubule |
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Where in the kidneys does reabsorption take place?
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In the renal tubules, primarily the proximal convoluted tubule, which reabsorbs glucose, water and ions
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What is reabsorption?
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The movement of substances out of the renal tubules and into the blood capillaries
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What is secretion?
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The process by which larger molecules such as potassium, ammonia and urea are removed from the blood and sent to the urine
(it is the opposite of reabsorption, which moves substances out of the urine and into the blood) |
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What is a ureter?
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An extension of the renal pelvis of each kidney that brings urine formed in the kidney to the bladder
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What happens when the bladder fills with urine?
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When the level of urine in the bladder reaches approximately 400ml, the micturition reflex makes the internal sphincter relax. The external sphincter will relax when it gets the "ok" from the cerebral cortex
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What is the urethra?
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the tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body
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What is pyelonephritis?
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a major kidney infection
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What is cystitis?
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an infection of the bladder
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What is filtrate?
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The water, waste products, salt, glucose, and other chemicals that have been filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus. It consists primarily of water, excess salts (primarily Na+ and K+), glucose, and a waste product of the body called urea.
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