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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In regards to flea control, what is the MOA of cholinesterase inhibitors?
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-Inhibit cholinesterase
-It is an organophosphate -Potent w/ good residual effects -Carbamates are safer than organophosphates -Toxic to Cats |
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In regards to flea control, what is the MOA of Pyrethrins?
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-Oil extract from Chrysanthemum flower
-Causes extended membrane depolarization -Inactivated by UV light -Rapidly kill -Low residual effect -Piperonyl butoxide often added -Must be re-applied if animal goes outside |
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In regards to flea control, what is the MOA of Permethrins?
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-Synthetic pyrethrin
-More UV stable -Fast kill **TOXIC TO CATS** -Found in most OTC flea products |
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In regards to flea control, what is the MOA of IGR’s?
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-Juvenile hormone analogs
-Ovicida -Larvicidal -Long residual effect |
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In regards to flea control, what is the MOA of Lefenuron (Program)?
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-Insect development inhibitor
-Inhibits chitin synthesis -Stored in body fat -NOT an adulticide (limits its use in FAD) -All contact animals need to be treated -Slow acting -Oral or injectable |
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In regards to flea control, what is the MOA of Fipronyl (Frontline)?
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-Phenylpyrazole
-GABA receptor antagonist -Affinity for SQ secretions -Effective against ticks FRONTLINE PLUS: -Fipronyl + Methoprene -Addition of juvenile growth hormone analogs -Prevents emergence of fipronyl resistant flea populations -Can bath animal w/out loosing efficacy -Apply monthly for FAD patients |
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In regards to flea control, what is the MOA of Imidacloprid (Advantage)?
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-Chloronicotinyl compound
-Binds to post-synaptic nicotinic receptors -NOT effective against ticks -Efficacy may be decreased by bathing -Apply once a month |
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In regards to flea control, what is the range of action of Selemectin (Revolution)?
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-Activity against fleas, ticks (only Dermacantor variabilis), dirofilaria, sarcoptes, odectes, hooks, and rounds
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In regards to flea control, what is the MOA of Citrus Oil?
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-Disrupts flea ectoskeleton
-Found in many OTC shampoo’s -Skin irritation and adverse side effects |
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In regards to flea control, what is the MOA of Nitenpyram (Capstar)?
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-Rapid acting adulticide
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In regards to flea control, what is the MOA of Advantix?
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-Imidacloprdi + Permethrin
-Added efficacy against ticks -Use only in dog households -DO NOT USE ON CATS (toxic even if cat rubs on dog) |
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What is the basic life-cycle of a flea?
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Egg
L1 L2 L3 Pupae Adult |
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What are some characteristics of flea eggs?
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-White
-Non-sticky -Laid on host and fall into environment to complete life cycle -Hatch in 1-10 days -.5mm in length |
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What are some characteristics of flea larvae?
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-Legless, move by a single row of bristles on each segment
-Yellow to white in color -Non-parasitic -Geotactic and photophobic so they move deeper into carpets, cracks in wood, soil -Can move over 40cm in carpet -Feed on organic debris and dried blood -3 molts in larval stage -5-11 days is the larval stage if sufficient food and right climate (dryness, extreme heat or cold are detrimental) |
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What are some characteristics of flea pupae?
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-Sticky cocoon
-Highly resistant to desiccation and parasiticides -Peak emergence is 8-9 days -Emergence depends upon: -Temperature -Physical pressure |
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What are some characteristics of adult flea?
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-Small, brown, wingless
-Laterally compressed bodies -Attracted to host by: -Movement -Warmth -Carbon dioxide -Live entire life on host (can live on host for up to 100 days) -Female lays eggs 3-4 days after a blood meal -Female can lay 13-35 eggs per day |
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How would you diagnose a flea allergy?
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-History
-PE -Intradermal skin tests -Serologic tests -Histopathology -Response to therapy |
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How would you treat a flea allergy?
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-Flea control
-Anti-pruritics -Antibiotics if necessary -Immunotherapy if ineffective |
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What are some clinical signs of a flea allergy in a dog?
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-Caudal 1/3 of body
-Pruritis -Papules, crusts -Pyotraumatic dermatitis -W/ chronicity can see: -Alopecia -Lichenfication -Hyperpigmentation |
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What are some clinical signs of a flea allergy in a cat?
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-Caudal 1/3 of body and neck
-Miliary dermatitis -Symmetric alopecia w/ no lesions -Eosinophilic granuloma complex |
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Which flea products are toxic to cats?
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-Permethrines, Cholinesterase inhibitors
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What is the most common species of flea found on the dog? Cat?
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-Ctenocephalides felis
-Prevelance is greater than 92% in dogs and 97% in cats |
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How does intermittent vs. continuous exposure to fleas affect a pet’s reaction to them?
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Intermittent exposure = predisposes animals to FAD (flea atopic dermatitis)
Continuous exposure = may lead to tolerance |
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What the are signs associated w/ pruritus in cats?
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-Indolent ulcers (lips)
-Granulomatous red lesions on ventrum |