Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Name the 6 layers of the cranium.
|
1. Skin
2. Periosteum 3. Bone / Cranium 4. Dura 5. Arachnoid 6. Pia |
|
|
CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) is between which 2 layers of the cranium?
|
Arachnoid and Pia
|
|
|
Explain the difference between a Hypertonic solution and a Hypotonic solution.
|
It's all about Diffusion
Hypertonic solution (high amount of salt outside the cell than inside the cell) H20 inside the cell DIFFUSES OUT (too dilute) and the cells shrinks. Hypotonic solution (cell has more salt than the outside) H2O water DIFFUSES INTO the cell, causing it to swell |
|
|
Normal ICP range is?
|
0-15
ICP measures blood, brain tissue, and CSF |
|
|
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) is defined as...?
|
The net PRESSURE of BLOOD FLOW to the brain
|
|
|
CO2 causes...
A. Vasoconstriction B. Vasodilation C. CCP Increase D. CCP Decrease E. A & C F B &D G: All of the above |
F: Vasodilation and CCP decrease
Think of Ms. Kallum garden hose: Huge hose, decreased pressure. |
|
|
Explain the Progression of IICP (you're are so silly if you don't know this) :-)
|
Insult --> Edema --> IICP --> Compression of blood vessels --> Decreased Cerebral Blood Flow --> Decreased O2/necrosis --> Edema --> IICP with compression of brainstem and respiratory center --> Increased CO2 --> Vasodilation --> IICP resulting from Increased blood flow --> DEATH
|
|
|
Signs & Symptoms of IICP include...
|
~Changes in LOC
~Papilledema (inside eye) ~Impaired eye movement ~Decreased sensory/motor function ~Vomiting ~Headache ~Pupillary changes ~Changes in Vital Signs: Increased BP, Decreased Pulse, Changes in Respiratory pattern |
|
|
The symptoms of IICP are OPPOSITE shock.
|
IICP: Increased B/P, Depresed Pulse and Reps. (Cushing's Triad)
Shock: Decreased B/P, Increased Pulse and Respirations |
|
|
There are many s/s with IICP. What are 2 things that must be maintained for a good outcome?
|
1. Cerebral O2
2. Perfusion bad question |
|
|
Head Injury is defined as...?
|
ANY trauma to the head. This could include a change in LOC
|
|
|
List 8 possible warning signs after a Head Injury (the first 24 hrs)
|
1. Change in LOC
2. Seizures 3. Bleeding or water drainage from nose or ears (CSF) 4. Pupils slow to react or unequal 5. Visual problems 6. Loss of sensation to any extremity 7. Slurred speech 8. Projectile Vomiting |
|
|
What is a laceration?
|
a cut. If it is on the head it could cause profuse bleeding.
|
|
|
A Skull fracture can be classified as Open or Closed. If the fracture has transvered the dura what may you see leaking from the nose and ears?
|
CSF (rhinorrhea / otorrhea)
Test with Dextrostix (Tes-Tape) ~CSF will test + for glucose ~false positive if blood present |
|
|
Your patient presents with "Raccoon Eyes" where did their skull fracture occur?
|
Orbital area
|
|
|
Your patient tests positive for rhinorrhea. Where did his skull fracture occur?
|
Frontal
|
|
|
You observe a postaricular ecchymosis on your patient. The MD called it "Battle's Sign" What caused this?
|
A temporal skull fracture
|
|
|
Your patient has otorrhea...why?
|
They have a parietal skull fracture.
|
