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202 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was Charles Martel and what was his chief accomplishment?
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One of the leaders during the Carolingian dynasty. Defeated the invading Musilim army at the battle of tours. Father of Pipin the Short.
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What was the major significance of the Donation of Pepin?
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Gift of large lands to papal lands to papal authority with this financial backing. Papal authority/church had wealth and lands
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Who was Charlemagne and what were his chief accomplishments
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He was crowned Imperatour by the pope. He was known for great imperial expansion but when he died his three sons spilt the empire 3 ways
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What were the chief provisions of the treaty of Verdun?
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Divided Charlemange’s empire into three. Charles the bald was the west , Louis the german was the east , Luther I was the center
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What were the principal features of European feudalism
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Knights and commanders received authority over conquered land but remained vassals with their leaders/knights. Vassals paid homage to kings and high ranking aristocracy.
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What was fief?
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Large track of land ruled by nobility on behalf
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What was Manorialism?
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King- knights-commanders-subjects (system of hierarchy)
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What were the chief provisions of Magna Carta
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Document that John I was forced to sign so that he and his nobility should respect noble rights for legal procedures
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What was the reconquista and what were its major goals and accomplishments?
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the term for the taking back of the Iberian peninsula by Christian Portuguese and Spaniards from the Muslim
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What were the major accomplishments of Isabella and Ferdinand
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Isabella queen of the Castile married Ferdinand king of Aragon and united Iberian land.
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What was the concept of Lay Investiture?
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King could not appoint any post in the nobility without papal approval.
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What was the major contribution of Innocent III
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Pope who opposed heresy. (opposing change to establish belief)
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What did the concept of Papal Supremacy include?
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Papacy assured role of heir to roman leaders; papacy had the dominant power in Europe.
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What were the major goals and accomplishments of the Crusades?
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Carried out with Christian dominance in Europe. Urban II was famous for these
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What were the major social and political consequences of the 100 Years War?
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Helped strengthen military tactics, but brought decline to France and England.
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What were the principle features of the medieval army?
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Lead by knights and these knights ruled the areas that they conquered on behalf of their king
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The seizure of what fortress by the French brought the 100 Years’ War to an end
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Castille
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What does Renaissance mean?
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The rebirth of the roman/greek golden age (culture, literature and arts)
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What period of History did Renaissance scholars call the dark ages and why?
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Middle Ages/Period because the Barbarian Invasions brought about decline to southern and central Europe.
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Who was Cosimo de Medici and what was his significance to the Renaissance?
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A corrupt Florentine leader who used his power and wealth to gain advantage in the elections (this was beneficial), tried to create peace in Northern Italy and influenced the revival of the Golden Age
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What did Renaissance philologists study?
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The evolution of latin (dated certain latin documents and works to the time periods in which they were produced)
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What was the significance of Francesco Petrarch to the renaissance?
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Discovered that Latin writings were far better in the Roman empire than ever before found that the government was more humanist during the republic than during the medieval era because the Government was corrupt
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Who was Lorenzo VaMa and what were his accomplishments?
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He studied latin documents and dated the donation of Constantine. After dating the donation, he realized that the papacy forged the document to gain authority over central Italy
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What were the major goals and achievements of Studia Humanitatists?
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Aimed to promote the study of classical Latin among the aristocrats and other first class citizens
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What was the chief contribution of Viltorino da Feltre to the renaissance?
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He was part of the Studia Humantiatists, and greatly helped in the development of the Renaissance
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Who was Christine de Pisan and what was her major contribution to the renaissance?
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She is from Pisa, she was like da Feltre, and she aided in the advance of the Renaissance she was part of the Studia Humantiatists
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What was the major purpose and accomplishments to civic humanism?
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Discovered that writings or letters were far better in the Roman empire than ever before, the government was more humanist in the Republic than ever before
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What were the major contributions of Leonardo Bruini to the Renaissance?
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He was a humanist that wrote The History of Florence , was on the Council of Florence: emphasized on politics and was responsible for naming Studi Humanitatists and wrote about what they did.
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What city state attempted to invade Florence in 1402 and what impact did this invasion have on Florence?
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Milan, it spurred the focus of Government involvement in Florence. Overall, the invasion failed due to the plague that occurred. Milan invaded Florence under the lead Visconti. Brought about the emphasis on political unity
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Who was Giangauiazo Visconti?
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The leader of Milan in charge of the attempted invasion of Florence
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What philosophies influenced the development of Humanist ideas in Italy?
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Ancient Greek Philosophies, especially Platonism
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What were the major tendencies of Renaissance Humanist philosophy?
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reconciled Christianity and its texts to pagan classics. All this was evident in the painting and arts
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What were the major contributions of Pico della Mirandola to the Renaissance?
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He studied Ficino’s work and wrote the Naration of Dignity of Man and introduced the idea of Free Will (Salvation outside the church)
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What was the major contribution of Marsillio Ficino?
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A Christian who found support for the Platonic Theory in biblical texts, a teacher of Pico Della Mirandola (the ideal form theory – the highest form is goodness)
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What were the major contributions of Pico della Mirandola to the Renaissance?
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He studied Ficino’s work and wrote the Naration of Dignity of Man and introduced the idea of Free Will (Salvation outside the church)
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Who was Johannus Gutenberg and what was his significance?
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Perfected the printing press which was first introduced in ancient china which made humanistic ideas easier to spread because texts can now be produced in large quantities
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What were the major factors that facilitated the spread of Renaissance ideas?
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The Italian Wars (when the French invaded Italy when Charles the 8th was the leader of France.
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What were the major factors that facilitated the spread of Renaissance ideas?
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The Italian Wars (when the French invaded Italy when Charles the 8th was the leader of France. They fought with the kingdom of Aragon over the kingdom of Napals) and the perfecting of the printing press, the idea of Free Will (which was more appealing to the masses) rebirth of arts, culture, and literature and translation of texts
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Reformations in Europe
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```````
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Who was Philip the Fair?
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Philip the fourth of france; taxed the church
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Who wrote Unum Sanctum and what was the principal goal of the document?
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Pope Boniface the eighth, aka the papal bull; it said that there would be no salvation outside the church
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What was the Avignon papacy and what was its major impact on Catholic Church?
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the papacy was moved to france and was now the center of the church but it wasn’t successful; caused the catholic church to dispute this new location and this resulted in two popes, this also reduced the papacy’s authority
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What was the Great schism and what were its major implications for the church?
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The first great schism was a split in the church into the roman catholic church and the eastern orthodox church. The second great schism was a result of the papacy moving back to rome after the end of the Avignon papacy. It was a split in the roman catholic church (people who sided with the popes and people who sided with the kings)
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What was conciliarism?
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Meant that the final authority in religious matters would be resided by the church members and not the pope
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What were the major accomplishments of the Council of Constance in 1415?
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Ended the three way dispute for the papal authority. It was three way because france had 2 popes and there was 1 pope in the Vatican.
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What were the principal ideas of Scholasticism?
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Analyzed religious doctrines logically, proved doctrines rationally; used critical thinking; they challenged the papacy directly because they could not find support for the church’s actions in the doctrines and the Bible. Thomas Aquinas was a big scholastic
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What were the principal ideas of Nominalism?
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Less directly challenged the papacy, also emphasized critical thinking. William of ockam founded this school of thought; they believed you cannot find proof in the doctrines and they emphasized faith in the doctrines
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Who were the Lorllards and what were their major ideas?
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They were more direct in criticizing the church. They were supported by secular authority. John Wycliffe tried to disprove what the papacy was doing in scriptures; found no support for papal practices like excommunication. Believed authority was from the Bible and not the papacy
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Who was Thomas Aquinas?
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An English theologian who followed the scholastic school of thought, used greek philosophy to analyze text (doctrines, the Bible)
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Who was John Wycliffe and what were his accomplishments?
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He was part of the school of lollardy. Tried to disprove what the papacy was doing in scriptures
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What were the major aims of the New Devotion movement?(what was mysticism?)
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A movement under mysticism. They challenged the church’s claim for salvation and they believed that you could achieve salvation outside the church
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What were chief accomplishments of Lefebvre d’ Etaples?
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A Spanish theologian who studied Christian primary sources; he offered his own translation of the psalms called the quintuples psalter
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Who was Thomas Moore and what was his major significance for humanism?
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A social critic who did not become a protestant reformer. He was only interested in reforming the church and Christian society. He was influenced by protestant reformers
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Who was Erasmus and what were his major accomplishments?
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A social critic who did not become a protestant reformer. He was only interested in reforming the church and Christian society. He was influenced by protestant reformers
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What principal issues distinguished Christian humanists and Protestant reformers?
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Humanists were only interested in reforming the church and Christian society while protestant reformers were key on creating a new church
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What was 95 Thesis and what were its major provisions and goals?
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It was written by martin luther; attacked church’s politics and selling of indulgences, also gave luther’s ideas on how the church should change
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Who was John Calvin and what were his chief ideas and accomplishments?
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Founder of Calvinism and proposed predestination (idea that people were predestined between who should achieve salvation and who should not)
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What were indulgences and what was their significance for the Catholic Church?
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The church’s items that were sold and were said to have the excess goodness from saints, so buying these made one get closer to achieve salvation; brought income to the catholic church
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What were the principal provisions of the Council of Trent?
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Revised the general doctrines to become more protestant (catholic); created the ursilines (schools for women) and the Jesuits (school for men); whatever they came up with lasted for a decade and introduced the index of forbidden books
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What was the major significance of religious orders for the Catholic Reformation?
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Strengthened catholic faith and claimed that the protestant doctrines were heretic; inquisitions were created to oppose protestant ideas
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What were the principal goals and accomplishments of the inquisition?
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To limit protestant ideas and to limit the access of protestant texts to new reformers; to stop the growing protestant support
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Wars of Religion
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What were the major accomplishments of Thomas Cranmer and Thomas Cromwell?
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Both became advisers of king Edward and king Henry; suggested Henry announce himself as king of England and declare himself supreme ruler. King Henry used the act of supremacy and act of suppression to declare himself
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What were the major deeds of the reformed parliament in England?
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This allowed for Henry to divorce Catherine of Argon and it freed the kingdom of England from the Church. Church of England was freed from the Roman Catholic church
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What were the chief provisions of the Act of Succession?
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Power to the empire of England would go to Henry and Ann Bolyn’s children
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What were the principal provisions of the Act of Supremacy?
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Henry became the leader of both England and the Church
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What developments occurred in England during the reign of Mary Tudor?
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Restored the catholic faith and prosecuted Protestants (the two Thomas’s); reunited the Church of England with the Vatican (Roman Catholic Church)
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What was the Book of Common Prayer?
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Written by Thomas Cromwell; had protestant ideas in it
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What were the major accomplishments of the Elizabethan Settlement?
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Restored the independence of the English church but still used roman catholic doctrines
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What was the Armada and what happened to it in 1588?
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The Spanish fleet that was destroyed by the dutch with the help of the English (William of Orange)
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What were some of the chief developments in France during the regency of Catherine de Medici?
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She realized there was going to be a civil war in france between the hugenots (French Protestants) and the catholics; granted hugenots freedom of worship and certain rights in their own towns
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What was the role of the Guises in the French wars of religion?
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Dominated politics and were completely against Protestantism
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Who was Henry of Navarre?
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French king. Henry IV after Henry III; French king after the end of the Valois dynasty. Granted protestants complete freedom of worship
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What happened at Vassy in 1562 and what was the major consequence of this?
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There was a massacre of protestants by the duke of Guises
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What happened on the eve of the St. Bartholomew’s Day in 1572 in France?
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One of the bloodiest massacres in France; Henry of Navarre married Charles IX sister
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What were the principal features of the Edict of Nantes?
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Gave hugenots the freedom of worship and allowed them to hold political offices but only in places they lived
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Who was William of Orange?
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Leader of the Netherlands that led them to independence from spain
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Who were the major rivals during the Thirty Years War?
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Protestants and Calvinists; was in the holy roman empire
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What were the major points of the Peace of Augsburg?
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Recognized the religious freedom of Lutherans and granted them lands
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What were the major provisions of the Peace of Westphalia?
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Ended the 30 years war between Calvinists and Lutherans; also recognized Calvinism and also led to the emergence of absolutism
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What were the major political consequences of the Thirty Years War for Europe?
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Led to absolute monarchy, destroyed social stability, and led to secular dominance over the church
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Who were the Huguenots?
Who were the Huguenots? |
French protestants (Bourbons, Chatellions)
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European Expansion
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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What countries of Europe were first to engage in extensive overseas exploration?
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Portugal and spain (Iberian Penninsula)
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What were the major motives of overseas exploration and creating overseas empires?
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Search for new land, religion, politics, trade and a vast population increase
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What were the major causes of overseas expansion?
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Population growth and the desire for trade
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Who was Prince Henry the Navigator and what was his significance?
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Founded a Portuguese school for expansion (trained people how to sail, explore, etc); was responsible for numerous conquests and he created the Portuguese overseas empire; was the greatest overseas empire at that point in time, emphasized trade
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What was the major goal of the Portuguese in their drive for overseas exploration and conquest?
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Set up posts and to trade; also wanted to dominate the African gold trade; (n. e. s. w. Africa India Brazil Indonesia)
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Where, around what parts of the globe, did the Portuguese navigate?
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Africa, brazil, india, southeast asia; they actually conquered cueta, Madera, azores
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What state posed a challenge to Portugal as a new overseas power?
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Spain
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Who was Christopher Columbus?
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Italian sailor influenced by marco polo’s works; found the New World while searching for an alternate route to India (Asia); explored for the Spanish
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Who was Marco Polo?
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Influenced Columbus; an explorer who traveled by land (foot) to china by the great silk road
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What Christopher Columbus intended to reach by sailing westward across the Atlantic Ocean?
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India (Asia)
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Who supported Columbus voyages?
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Spain, Queen Isabella
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When Columbus reached Central America, what did he think he reached?
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India
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What did the Pope issue in 1493 and what was its major goal?
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Inter Caetera (Bull of Demarcation) prevented a war between spain and portugal; divided the regions that spain and Portugal could explore
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What was the Treaty of Tordesillas and what was its terms, goals and achievements?
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An amendment to the treaty of inter catera and it gave Portugal an additional 500 miles to explore, mainly brazil
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What two major voyages laid the basis for the Portuguese overseas empire?
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Vasco da Gama and Pedro Cobral’s voyages
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Who was Vasco da Gama and what were his major achievement(s)?
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Portuguese explorer who rounded the cape of good hope (south Africa) and explored the Swahili coast (east Africa); reached Calicut, India and traded. Returned to Portugal with huge profits
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What did da Gama’s expedition bring back to Portugal?
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Spices, peppers, and cinnamon
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What profit did this expedition gain?
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60 times the cost of the actual exploration
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Who was Pedro Cobral and what was his significance?
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Portuguese explorer who intended to sail to India but ended up in Brazil; declared brazil an unpromising region because of rainforests (used for prisons)
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What areas of the world did the Portuguese control during the first half of the 16th cent.?
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African coasts india brazil laos Indonesia azure cueta
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What happened to the Portuguese merchants in Southeast Asia and China?
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Brought back profits
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What voyages laid the foundation for the Spanish overseas empire?
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Columbus’s new world voyage and marco polo’s land voyage
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Where did the Spanish build their first settlements?
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Central America, west indies, cuba, and Hispaniola
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Who were the conquistadors?
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Spanish voyagers or explorers
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Who was Ferdinand Magellan and what was his accomplishment?
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Helped colonize the Philippines; first circumnavigation of the world; during this trip he was killed in the Philippines but one of his ships made it back to spain
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What other parts, besides the Americas, did the Spanish spread their imperial control?
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Philippines west indies cuba and the canaries
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What states became involved in overseas exploration and conquest after 1600?
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North European states (England france and Netherlands)
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What prevented northern European states from intensive overseas explorations during the sixteenth century?
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Competition with the Iberian states (Portugal and spain)
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What was the first English colony in North America?
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Jamestown
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What were the major impact of the contact with the Europeans on the Americas and Africa?
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Trans-Atlantic slave trade
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Bartholomew Diez
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discovered the Cape of Good Hope.
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Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
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'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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What were the major factors which influenced the shift of plantation economies from the Mediterranean to the New World?
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new more fertile lands in the new world, there was a perfect climate there. Main factor slave trade= cheap labor
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What factors stimulated the increase of slave trade in Africa?
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Profits were great for African leaders (chiefs), increased trade, warfare used prisoners
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What groups of people were more likely to be enslaved before Africa became the major sours of slaves?
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Scandinavians (northeast Europeans) and people from the black sea region
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Before slaves became the major commodity from Africa, what goods did Africa export?
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Ivory, sugar, salt, cotton, cloth, gold
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Which European Nations were first to set up trading posts in Africa?
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Portugal and the Netherlands (Dutch)
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Who was Francisco de Almeida?
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The first governor/ viceroy of Portuguese ruled India
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What area in Africa did the Portuguese colonize?
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East Africa (Mombassa, Zanzibar, Mauritius)
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Who was Mwene Metapa?
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The shona ruler in great Zimbabwe; formed allies with the Portuguese and traded with them
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What areas of Africa were colonized by the Dutch?
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South Africa (Cape of Good Hope)
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What was the major reason behind Dutch settlements in Africa?
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They traded with India so they needed a port to stop at and refresh/re-fuel; also settled there but was not the main goal
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What areas of Africa provided most slaves for the trans-Atlantic slave trade?
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West Africa
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What groups of people in Africa were most likely to be sold as slaves?
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Captives and prisoners from war
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Approximately how many slaves were transported from Africa to the New world during the eighteenth century?
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6 million (19th century=3 million)
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What factors contributed to the decline of trans-Atlantic slave trade?
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The Enlightenment, humanitarianism, liberalism
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Early Modern Islamic Empires, 1500-1800
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??????????????????????????
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What major challenges did the Ottoman Empire face during the sixteenth century?
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External: shift of trade routes (lost trade), influx of cheap silver, challenges from neighbors (Augsburg and Austro-Hungarian empires); internal: Janissaries not interested in changing govt, incompetent rulers, aristocracy was corrupt so the government declined
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Who were the janissaries?
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Aristocracy (human tax)
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How did the Ottoman government respond to the growing number of coffee houses throughout the empire?
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There new ideas formed to oppose the government. Govt attempted to ban or prohibit them
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What commodities were introduced in the Ottoman Empire in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries?
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Tea, coffee, tobacco
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What factors contributed to the decline of the late Mughal State?
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European influence and internal disputes. Europeans used this to their advantage and they all tried to take over the mughal state; LACK OF RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE FROM LATER KINGS
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Who was Aurangzeb?
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One of the last mughal rulers, most expansive moghal ruler, had a lack of religious tolerance
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In what ways Aurangzeb’s policies differed from his predecessors?
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Lack of religious tolerance
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Which European nation was first to establish a trading post in India?
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England established Surat in 1616
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How did English penetration in India differ from Portuguese?
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British were more friendly and negotiable (not radical, showed good intentions) while the Portuguese were just cruel
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Who was Sir Robert Cleve?
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First leader of the british east india company which replaced the dutch east india company
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Who were the Sepoys?
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Armies of the local hindu government
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What do you know about the Battle of Plassey?
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Moghul people vs british; battle where the british took over the moghul state
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Neww
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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What form of government is meant by absolutism?
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all power is with soul leader
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What does the concept of divine right mean
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basis for absolutism, means kings were agents of God
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Who was Jacques Bosset and what was his major accomplishment?
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He wrote politics drawn from scripture and he argued that kings thrown was to God when seeking support for absolutism from the Bible
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Who was Thomas Hobbes and what was his historical significance?
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english scholar who wrote the Leviathon. He said that people were bad ans should follow the rule of the king, who is like God.
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What were the major European absolutist states during the seventeenth century
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Everyone except Netherlands and England.
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Who was Louis XIV and what was his historical significance?
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Absolutist French King who created the palace of Versailles for nobility.He said "Leset et moi"- I'm the state. France was great so other countries saw the french king as an example so they copied him into being absolutist.
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What was the chief purpose of Versailles?
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Kept all the nobility close to him to control their power
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What was the major achievement of Nicholas Copernicus?
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rediscovered and proved the heliocentric theory that was first discovered by Aristarchus
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What was the major scientific discovery associated with Isaac Newton?
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gravity
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What theory regarding the universe dominated in Europe until the scientific revolution?
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Geocentric- that earth was center of the universe Aristolle's theory
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Who was Johannes Kepler and what was his major scientific achievement?
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planets moved in an ellipse- he proved the heliocentric theory mathmatical and he came close to the concept of gravity
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What were the innovations and discoveries associated with Galileo Galilei?
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Telescope- he saw rings of saturn and satellites of jupiter
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What are the major principles associated with the scientific methods?
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Inductive and decutive
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What are the principal features of the inductive method?
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conclusion after experimention
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What are the principal features of the deductive method?
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propose ideas then experiment
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Who was Rene Descartes and what was his major accomplishment?
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He came up with a deductive approach; he wrote the book of analytical geometry
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What were the principal ideas and beliefs associated with the Enlightenment?
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seeking scientific laws governing Society
{critical thinking} -reason -progress -scientific laws |
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Who was Montesquieu and what were his major accomplishments?
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critic who critized absolute ideas. He also wrote the Persian letters and Spirit of law
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Who was Voltaire and what was his historical significance?
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critic who critized abosolute ideas and the Church
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What was the Encyclopedia and what was its chief purpose?
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Book of knowledge (Diderot-editor) Earliest had 17000 entries
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What were the major political beliefs of the Enlightenment regarding the economy?
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Laissez fair
-gov't should not interrupt economy, the economy should run itself |
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Who was Adam Smith and what economic theory is associated with him?
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wrote the inquiry into the Nature and causes of the wealth of Nation-advocating a free market economy as more productive and more beneficial to society.
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What are the principal ideas of laissez-faire economics?
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economic freedom from gov't involvement
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Who was John Locke and what was his ideas regarding the individual and the state?
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He emphasized natural rights
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What does the concept of Atabula rasa mean?
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People were born free; blank tablet
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What form of government became ideal among most political thinkers of the Enlightenment?
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Constitutional monarchy that was enlighten
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Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau and what were his principal political beliefs?
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Social Contract, tied to general will rulers granted authority by contract from subject
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What does the term enlightened absolutism mean
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absolute ruler ran an enlightened gov't; kings influenced by enlightment
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Revolutions in Europe and America
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_________________________
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What were the major factors that contributed the origins of the Glorious Revolution in England?
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Enlightment ideas, Scottish invasion, disputes between parliment and monarchy, Civil war, and excution of Charles the I then republic was formed. King James fled and this weakened the monarchial control and revolution took place--> parlimental monarchy
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What are the major political perceptions of the Stuart monarchs?
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the claimed divine right, seeking overseas power, had terrible relationship with the scottish protestants (church of Scotland)
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What was the nature of conflict between the Stuart monarchs and Parliament?
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Stuarts claimed divine righted underminded the parliment, but due to enlightment parliment fought to gain more power and equality
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What major events led to civil war in England in 1642?
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refusal of taxes by short parliment and opposition of monacharchof the magma carta
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What was the Long parliament and what as its historical significance?
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long Parliment lasted 20 yrs. and called upon to reduced the kings power by issuing certain Acts. It was conjured by the kings.
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What happened to the Stuart king Charles in 1648?
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he was excuted
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Who was Oliver Cromwell and what were his achievements?
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he started the republic; formed first in Enland and took complete powers. He launched military regimes and expanded the empire sucessfully.
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Who were William II and Mary II
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installed as monarchs by parliment but they ruled under a Parlimentary monarchy; Jame I fled that why Parliment tookk over
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What was the Bill of Rights and what was its historical significance
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enact during installtion of William and Mary= stated who had what power.
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What was the nature of conflict between the American colonies and the English monarchy?
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financial pressure on British Parliment restrict colonial manufacturing.
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What were the Sugar ad Stamp acts and to what developments their issuance led?
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SuSugar and stampms tax used to obtain revenue by english Parliemt and created an atmosphere for a revolution and a war
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What was the Intolerable Acts?
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when parliment closed ports of boston because of Boston tea party
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What was historical significance of the Second Continental congress
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It address various issues and back colonist to get independence form English parliment and Declaration of Independence was created.
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What were the major principles of the Declaration of Independence
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Statement of natural rights by colonist in america led to creation of usa; adopted by second continental congress
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What were the major factors that led to the origins the French Revolution?
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Influenced by American Revolution and British revolution.The financial crisis in France because of Louis 16 and Marie Antoinette(Main). Proposal of taxation on the nobility. Social discontent and harvest failures.
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Who were Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette?
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They were the king and queen of france who lived ezpensive lives and brought about the financial crisis. They lived at the castle called Versailles. All of France hated them because they lived expensivally.
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Who was Charles-Alexander de Colonne and what was his significance?
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Appointed as the finicial minister during the crisis. He introduced various tax reforms one of which was taxation on the nobility and clergy which was heavily opposed.
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What social groups constituted the third estate?
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Everyone except the nobility and the clergy. The clergy was the church. Nobility was king queens and royal faimil/knights
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Who in France pad most taxes during the Old Regime?
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The third estate
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What caused Louis XVI to call the Assembly of Notables in 1787?
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The refusal by the parlements to accept Connol proposal.
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What was the Estates General?
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This was a governing body which was represented by a third of each class- Nobility, Clergy, and the third estate. This represented the people overall.
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What was the National Assembly and what was their its historical role in 1789
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What the estate general referred to themselves as after they took the tennis court oath. Its role was to represented the people and in 1789 carried out protest one of which was by the Parisans who seized weapons and stormed the Bastille.
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What major political principles did the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen promulgate?
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It created equality liberty and fraternity among the French population. It also identified who could vote and who could not.
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What social groups did not want to accept social distinctions based on wealth and demanded equality in 1790?
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nobility and clergy
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What was the Declaration of Pilnitz?
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Statement by Austro hungry and Prussia to intervene if the new gov’t did not rule accordingly and if it killed Luis the sixteenth
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What factors led to radicalization of the French Revolution?
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Exucution of Louis, counter revolution ideas, military conscription and not all priest agreed with the constitution of the clergy
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What was the Committee of Public Safety and who led it?
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Robespierre led it and it was created to deal with the counter revolution
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What policy did the Committee of Public Safety carry out during its reign?
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Reign of terror Killed many counter revolutionists
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What was the Directory?
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Set up to rule after the dispute as to who should take charge occured. Not successful.
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What individual emerged in 1799, after defeating the Directory, as a new leader of France?
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Napoleon Bone Part
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