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425 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Question
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Answer
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Hint
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actinic keratosis
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often precedes squamous cell carcinoma
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addison's dz
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primary adrenocortical deficiency
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albright's syndrome
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polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, short stature, young girls
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albuminocytologic dissociation
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guillain-barre (increase protein in CSF with only modest incease in cell count)
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alport's syndrome
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hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness
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anti-basement membrane antibodies
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goodpasture's syndrome
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anticentromere antibodies
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scleroderma (CREST)
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anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (ANA antibodies
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SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
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Anti-desmosome antibodies
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pemphigus vulgaris
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antigliadin antibodies
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celiac dz
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antihistone antibodies
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drug-induced SLE
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anti-IgG antibodies
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rheumatoid arthritis
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antimitochondrial antibodies
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primary biliary cirrhosis
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antineutrophil antibodies
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vasculitis
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antiplatelet antibodies
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idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
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arachnodactyly
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marfan's syndrome
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argyll robertson pupil
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neurosyphilis
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arnold chiari malformation
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cerebellar tonsillar herniation
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aschoff bodies
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rheumatic fever
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atrophy of the mammillary bodies
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wernicke's encephalopathy
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auer rods
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acute myelogenous leukemia (especially the promyelocytic type)
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autosplenectomy
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sickle cell anemia
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babinski's sign
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UMN lesion
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Baker's cyst in popliteal fossa
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rheumatoid arthritis
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"bamboo spine" on x-ray
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ankylosing spondylitis
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Bartter's syndrome
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Hyperreninemia
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Basophilic stippling of RBCs
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lead poisoning
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Becker's muscular dystrophy
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defective dysstrophin; less severe than Duchenne's
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Bell's palsy
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LMN CN VII palsy
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Bence Jones proteins
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multiple myeloma (kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine, Waldenstrom's macroglobinemia (IgM)
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Berger's dz
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IgA nephropathy
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Bernard-Soulier dz
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Defect in platelet adhesion (lack of glycoprotein Ib, platelets don't stick to vWF)
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Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
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Sarcoidosis
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Birbeck granules on EM
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Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
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Bloody tap on LP
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subarachnoid hemorrhage
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"blue bloater"
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chronic bronchitis
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blue-domed cysts
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fibrocystic change of the breast
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blue sclera
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osteogenesis imperfecta
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boot shaped heart on x-ray
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tetrology of fallot; RVH
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Bouchard's nodes
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osteoarthritis (PIP swelling secondary to osteophytes)
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boutonniere deformity
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rheumatoid arthritis
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Branching rods in oral infection
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actinomyces israelii
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Bruton's dz
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X-linked agammaglobinemia
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Budd-Chiari syndrome
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posthepatic venous thrombosis
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Buerger's dz
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small/medium aa vasculitis
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Burkitt's lymphoma
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8:14 translocation; associated with EBV; starry sky
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Burton's lines
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lead poisoning
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C-ANCA, P-ANCA
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Wegener's granulomatous, polyarteritis nodosa
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Cafe-au-lait spots on skin
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neurofibromatosis
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Caisson dz
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gas emboli
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Calf pseudohypertrophy
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Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
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Call-Exner bodies
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Granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary
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Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
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Chagas' dz
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Cerebriform nuclei
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mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
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Chagas' dz
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trypanosome infection
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Chancre
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primary syphilis (not painful)
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Chancroid
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Haemophilus ducreyi (painful)
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Charcot's triad
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multiple sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech), cholangitis (jaundice, RUQ pain, fever)
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Charcot-Leyden crystals
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Bronchial asthma (eosinophil membranes)
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Chediak-Higashi dz
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phagocyte deficiency
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Cherry-red spot on macula
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Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick dz, central retinal artery occlusion
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Cheyne-Stokes respiration
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Central apnea in CHF and increased intracranial pressure
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"Chocolate cysts"
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endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
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Chvostek's sign
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hypocalcemia (facial muscle spasm upon tapping)
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Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
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DES exposure in utero
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Clue cells
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Gardnerella vaginitis
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Codman's triangle on x-ray
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osteosarcoma
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Cold agglutinins
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Mycoplasma pneumonia, infectious mononucleosis
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Cold intolerance
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hypothyroidism
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Condylomata lata
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secondary syphilis
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Continuous machinery murmur
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patent ductus arteriosus
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Cori's dz
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Debranching enzyme deficiency
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Cotton wool spots
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Chronic hypertension
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Cough, conjunctivitis, coryza + fever
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measles
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Councilman bodies
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toxic or viral hepatitis
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Cowdry type A bodies
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herpesvirus
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Crescents in Bowman's capsule
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rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
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Crigler-Najjar syndrome
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congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
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Curling's ulcer
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acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
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Currant-jelly sputum
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Klebsiella
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Curshmann's spirals
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bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs)
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Cushing's ulcer
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acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
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D-dimers
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DIC
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Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
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Parkinson's dz (basal ganglia disorder-rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
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Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
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Pellagra (niacin, vitamin B3 deficiency)
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Diabetes insipidus + exopthalmos + lesions of skull
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Hand-Schuller-Christian dz
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Dog or cat bite
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pasteurella multocida
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Donovan bodies
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Granuloma inguinale
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Dressler's syndrome
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post-MI fibrinous pericarditis
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Dubin-Johnson syndrome
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congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
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Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
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Deleted dystrophin gene (X-linked recessive)
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Eburnation
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osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)
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Edwards' syndrome
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Trisomy 18 associated with rocker bottom feet, low-set ears, heart dz
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Eisenmenger's complex
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late cyanosis shunt (uncorrected L ->R shunt becomes R ->L shunt)
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elastic skin
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ehlers-Danlos syndrome
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Erb-Duchenne palsy
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superior trunk brachial plexus injury ("waiter's tip"
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erythema chronicum migrans
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Lyme dz
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Fanconi's syndorme
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proximal tubular reabsorption defect
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"fat, female, forty, and fertile"
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acute cholecystitis
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fatty liver
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alcoholism
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Ferruginous bodies
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Asbestosis
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Gardner's syndrome
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Colon polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumors
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Gaucher's dz
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Glucocerebrosidase deficiency
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Ghon focus
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primary TB
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Gilbert syndrome
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Benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
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Glanzamann's thrombasthenia
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Defect in platelet aggregation, decrease in GP IIb/IIIa
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Goodpasture's syndrome
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autoantibodies against alveolar and glomerular basement membrane proteins
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Gowers' manuver
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Duchenne's (use of pts arm to help legs pick self off the floor)
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Guillain-Barre syndrome
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idiopathic polyneuritis
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"hair-on-end" appearance on x-ray
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beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis)
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Guillian-Barre syndrome
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idiopathic polyneuritis
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Hand-Schuller-Christian dz
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chronic progressive histiocytoisis
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HbF
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thalassemia major
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HbS
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sickle cell anemia
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hCG elevated
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choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs w/ and w/out embryo)
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Heberden's nodes
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Osteoarthritis (DIP swelling secondary to osteophytes)
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Heinz bodies
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G6PD deficiency
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Henoch-Schonlein purpura
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hypersensitivity vasculitis associated with hemorrhagic urticaria and URIs
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Heterophil antibodies
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infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
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high-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy)
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wet beriberi (thiamine, vitamine B1 deficiency)
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HLA B27
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Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis
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HLA-DR3 or DR4
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Diabetes mellitus type 1 (caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells)
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Homer Wright rosettes
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neuroblastoma
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Honeycomb lung on x-ray
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interstitial fibrosis
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Horner's syndrome
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ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis
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Howell-Jolly bodies
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Splenectomy (or nonfunctional spleen)
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Huntington's dz
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Caudate degeneration (autosomal dominant)
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hyperphagia + hypersexuality + hyperorality + hyperdocility
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Kluver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)
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hyperpigmentation of skin
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primary adrenal insufficiency (addison's dz)
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Hypersegemented nutrophils
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macrocytic anemia
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Hypertension + hypokalemia
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conn's syndrome
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Hypochromic microcytosis
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iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning
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Increased alpha-fetaprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
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anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
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increased uric acid levels
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gout, lesch-nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorder, loop and thiazide diuretics
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Intussuption
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adenovirus (causes hyperplasia of Peyer's patches)
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Janeway lesions
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endocarditis
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Jarish-Herxheimer reaction
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Syphalis-overaggressive tx of an asymptomatic pt that causes symptoms due to rapid lysis
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Job's syndrome
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neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality
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Kaposi's sarcoma
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AIDS in MSM (men who have sex with men)
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Kartagener's syndrome
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Dynein defect
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Kayser-Fleischer rings
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Wilson's dz
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Keratin pearls
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules
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Diabetic nephropathy
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Kluver-Bucy syndrome
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Bilateral amygdala lesions
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Koilocytes
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HPV
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Koplic spots
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measles
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Krukenberg tumor
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Gastric adenocarcinoma with ovarian metastases
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Kussmaul hyperpnea
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Diabetic ketoacidosis
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Lens dislocation + aortic dissection + joint hyperflexibility
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Marhan's syndrome (fibrillin deficit)
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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
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HGPRT deficiency
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Lewy bodies
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parkinson's dz
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Libman-Sacks dz
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endocarditis associated with SLE
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lines of zahn
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arterial thrombus
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Lisch nodules
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neurofibromatosis (von recklinghausen's dz)
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low serum cerulplasmin
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wilson's dz
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lucid interval
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epidural hematoma
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"lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
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poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
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lytic bone lesions on x-ray
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multiple myeloma
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mallory bodies
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alcoholic liver dz
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome
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esophagogastric lacerations
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McArdle's dz
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muscle phosphorylase deficiency
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McBurney's sign
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Appendicitis
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MLF syndrome (INO)
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mucliple sclerosis
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Monoclonal antibody spike
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multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA), MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance), Waldenstrom's (M protein =IgM) macroglobulinemia
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myxedema
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hypothyroidism
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necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
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Wegener's and Goodpasture's (hemoptysis and glomerular dz)
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Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
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gout
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negri bodies
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rabies
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nephritis + cataracts + hearing loss
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alport's syndrome
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neurofibrillary tangles
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alzheimer's dz
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Niemann-Pick dz
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sphingomyelinase deficiency
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no lactation postpartum
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sheehan syndrome (pituitary infaction)
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nutmeg liver
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CHF
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occupational exposure ot asbestos
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malignant mesothelioma
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"orphan annie" nuclei
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papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
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osler's nodes
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endocarditis
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owl's eye
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CMV
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painless jaundice
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pancreatic cancer (head)
|
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palpable purpura on legs and buttocks
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henoch-schonlein purpura
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pancoast tumor
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bronchogenic apical tumor associated with Horner's syndrome
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Pannus
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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Parkinson's dz
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Nigrostriatal dopamine depletion
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Perosteal elevation on x-ray
|
pyogenic osteomylitis
|
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Putz-Jeghers syndrome
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benign polyposis
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Peyronie's dz
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Penile fibrosis
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philadelphia chromosome (bcr-abl)
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CML (may sometimes be associated with AML)
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pick bodies
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Pick's dz
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"pink puffer"
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emphysema (centroacinar[smoking], panacinar [alpha1antitrypsin deficiency])
|
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Plummer-Vinson syndrome
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esophageal webs with iron deficiency anemia
|
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podagra
|
gout (MP joint of hallux)
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podocyte fusion
|
minimal change dz
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Polynueropathy, cardiac pathology, and edema
|
dry beriberi (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency)
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polyneuropathy presceded by GI or respiratory infection
|
Guillain Barre syndrome
|
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Pompe's dz
|
lysosomal glucosidase deficiency associated with cardiomegaly
|
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Port-wine stain
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hemangioma
|
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positive anterior "drawer sign"
|
anterior cruciate ligament injury
|
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Pott's dz
|
vertebral tuberculosis
|
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pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement
|
glioblastoma multiforme
|
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pseudorosettes
|
ewing's sarcoma
|
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ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
|
Horner's syndrome (Pancoast tumor)
|
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rash on palms and soles
|
secondary syphilis, rocky moutain spotted fever
|
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|
reynaud's syndrome
|
recurrent vasospasm in extremities
|
|
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RBC casts in urine
|
Acute glomerulonephrits
|
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Recurrent pulmonary Pseudomonas and S. aureus infections
|
cystic fibrosis
|
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Red urine in the morning
|
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
|
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Reed-Stermnberg cells
|
Hodgkin's lymphoma
|
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|
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Reid index (increased)
|
chronic bronchitis
|
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Reinke crystals
|
Leydig cell tumor
|
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Reinke crystals
|
Leydic cell tumor
|
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Reiter's syndrome
|
Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis
|
|
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|
Renal cell carcinoma + cavernous hemangiomas + adenomas
|
von hippel-lindau dz
|
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renal epithelia casts in urine
|
acute toxic/viral nephrosis
|
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rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
|
pseudogout
|
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roth's spots in retina
|
endocarditis
|
|
|
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Rotor's syndrome
|
congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
|
|
|
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Rouleaux formation (RBCs)
|
multiple myeloma
|
|
|
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Russel bodies
|
multiple myeloma
|
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|
|
S3
|
Left to right shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD), mitral regurgitation, LV failure(CHF)
|
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S4
|
aortic stenosis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
|
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Schiller-Duval bodies
|
Yolk sac tumor
|
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Senile plaques
|
Alzheimer's dz
|
|
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Sezary syndrome
|
cutenous T-cell lymphoma
|
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Sheehan's syndrome
|
postpartum pituitary necrosis
|
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Shwartzman reaction
|
Neisseria meningitidis
|
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Signet-ring cells
|
gastric carcinoma
|
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simian crease
|
down syndrome
|
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sipple's syndrome
|
MEN type IIa
|
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Sjogren's syndrome
|
dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
|
|
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skip lesions
|
crohn's
|
|
|
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slapped cheeks
|
erythema infectiosum (5th dz)
|
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smith antigen
|
SLE
|
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"smudge cell"
|
CLL
|
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soap bubble on x-ray
|
giant cell tumor of bone
|
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spike and dome on EM
|
membraous glomerulonephritis
|
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spitz nevus
|
benign juvenile melanoma
|
|
|
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splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
|
endocarditis
|
|
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starry sky pattern
|
Burkitt's lymphoma
|
|
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"strawberry tongue"
|
scarlet fever
|
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steaky ovaries
|
turner's syndrome
|
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string sign on x-ray
|
chron's dz
|
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subepithelial humps on EM
|
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
|
|
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Suboccipital lymphadenopathy
|
Rubella
|
|
|
|
Sulfur granules
|
Actinomyces israelii
|
|
|
|
swollen gums, bruising,poor wound healing, anemia
|
Scurvy (ascorbic acid, vit C deficiency)=vit C is necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen syntheis
|
|
|
|
systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
|
aortic valve stenosis
|
|
|
|
t(8;14)
|
burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
|
|
|
|
t(9;22)
|
philadelphia chromosome, CML (brc-abl hybrid)
|
|
|
|
t(14;18)
|
follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation
|
|
|
|
tabes dorsalis
|
tertiary syphilis
|
|
|
|
tendon xanthomas (classically achilles)
|
familial hypercholesterolemia
|
|
|
|
thumb sign on lateral x-ray
|
epiglottitis (H-flu)
|
|
|
|
thyroidization of kidney
|
chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
|
|
|
|
tophi
|
gout
|
|
|
|
"tram-track" appearance on LM
|
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
|
|
|
|
Trousseau's sign
|
visceral cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (migratory thrombophlebitis), hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)
|
|
|
|
Virchow's node
|
left supraclavicular node enlargemnt form metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
|
|
|
|
Virchow's triad
|
pulmonary embolism (triad=blood stasis, endothelial damage, hypercoagulation)
|
|
|
|
von Recklinghausen's dz
|
neurofibromatosis with cafe-au-lait spots
|
|
|
|
von Recklinghausen's dz of the bone
|
osteitis fibrosa cystica ("brown tumor")
|
|
|
|
Wallenberg's syndrome
|
PICA thrombosis
|
|
|
|
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
|
adrenal hemorrhage associated with meningococcemia
|
|
|
|
Waxy casts
|
chronic end stage renal dz
|
|
|
|
WBC casts in urine
|
acute pyelonephritis
|
|
|
|
WBC casts in urine
|
acute pyelonephritis
|
|
|
|
WBCs in urine
|
acute cystitis
|
|
|
|
Wermer's syndorme
|
MEN type I
|
|
|
|
Whipple's dz
|
Malabsorption syndrome caused by Tropheryma whippelii
|
|
|
|
Wilson's dz
|
Hepatolenticular degeneration
|
|
|
|
"Wire loop" appearance on LM
|
lupus nephropathy
|
|
|
|
"worst headache of my life"
|
berry aneurysm-associated with adult polycystic kidney dz
|
|
|
|
Xanthocromia (CSF)
|
subarachnoid hemorrhage
|
|
|
|
Xerostomia + arthritis + keratoconjuctivitis sicca
|
sjogren's syndrem
|
|
|
|
zenker's divrticulum
|
upper GI diverticulum
|
|
|
|
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
|
Gastrin-secreting tumor associated with ucers
|
|
|
|
Most common bacteremia/pneumonia (IVDA)
|
S. aureus
|
|
|
|
Most common bacteria associated w/ cancer
|
H. pylori
|
|
|
|
Most common bacteria found in GI tract
|
bacteriodes (2nd most common is E. coli
|
|
|
|
Most common brain tumor (adults)
|
mets>astrocytoma (incuding glioblastoma multiforme)>meningioma>schwannoma
|
|
|
|
Most common brain tumor (kids)
|
medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
|
|
|
|
Most common brain tumor - supratentoria (kids)
|
craniopharyngioma
|
|
|
|
Most common breast cancer
|
infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the US, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)
|
|
|
|
Most common breast mass
|
fibrocystic change (in posmenopausal women, carcinoma is the most common)
|
|
|
|
Most common breast tumor (benign)
|
fibroadenoma
|
|
|
|
Most common bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia pateint
|
klebsiella
|
|
|
|
Most common cardiac primary tumor (adults)
|
myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; "ball and valve"_
|
|
|
|
Most common cardiac primary tumor (kids)
|
rhabdomyoma
|
|
|
|
Most common cardiac tumor (adults)
|
mets
|
|
|
|
Most common cardiomyopathy
|
dilated cardiomyopathy
|
|
|
|
Most common chromosomal d/o
|
down syndrome (associated with ALL, alzheimer's dementia, and endocardial cushion defects)
|
|
|
|
Most common chronic arrhythmia
|
atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
|
|
|
|
Most common congenital cardiac anomaly
|
VSD
|
|
|
|
Most common constrictive pericarditis
|
TB
|
|
|
|
Most common coronary artery involved inthrombosis
|
LAD>RCA>LCA
|
|
|
|
Most common cyanosis (early; less common)
|
tetrology of fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
|
|
|
|
Most common cyanosis (late; more common
|
VSD, ASD, PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol)
|
|
|
|
Most common demyelinating dz
|
MS
|
|
|
|
Most common dietary deficit
|
iron
|
|
|
|
Most common cause of epiglottitis
|
H. influenzae type B
|
|
|
|
most common esophageal cancer
|
1:1 ratio of squamous cell CA: adenocarcinoma in developed nations
|
squamous cell CA higher in developing nations
|
|
|
Most common gene involved in CA
|
p53 tumor supressor gene
|
|
|
|
Most common gorup affected by cystic fibrosis
|
caucasions (fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, mucous plugs/lung infections)
|
|
|
|
Most common gynecologic malignancy
|
endometrial carcinoma
|
|
|
|
Most common heart murmur
|
mitral valve prolapse
|
|
|
|
Most common heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
|
mitral
|
|
|
|
Most common heart valve in bacterial endocarditis in IVDA
|
tricuspid
|
|
|
|
Most common heat valve (rheumatic fever)
|
mitral valve (aortic is 2nd)
|
|
|
|
Most common helminith infection (US
|
enterobious vermicularis (ascaris lubricoides is 2nd most common)
|
|
|
|
Most common hereditary bleeding d/o
|
von Willebrand's
|
|
|
|
Most common kidney stoen
|
Ca+=radiopaque (nd most common is ammonium-radiopaque; formed by urease positive organisms such as proteus vulgaris or staphylococcus0
|
|
|
|
Most common liver dz
|
alcoholic liver dz
|
|
|
|
Most common location of brain tumors (adults)
|
supratentorial
|
|
|
|
Most common location of brain tumors (kids)
|
infratentorial
|
|
|
|
Most common lysosomal storage dz
|
gaucher's dz
|
|
|
|
most common male cancer
|
prostatic carcinoma
|
|
|
|
most common malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
|
Hodgkin's dz
|
|
|
|
most common malignant skin tumor
|
basal cell carcinoma (rearely metastasizes)
|
|
|
|
most common mets to bone
|
breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
|
|
|
|
most common mets to brain
|
lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI
|
|
|
|
most common mets to liver
|
colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinomas
|
|
|
|
most common motor neuron dz
|
ALS
|
|
|
|
most common neoplasm (kids)
|
ALL (2ne most common is cerebellar medulloblastoma)
|
|
|
|
most common nephrotic syndrome
|
membranous glomerulonephritis
|
|
|
|
most common obstruction of male urinary tract
|
BPH
|
|
|
|
most common opportunistic infection in AIDS
|
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
|
|
|
|
most common organ receiving mets
|
adrenal glands (due to rich blood supply)
|
|
|
|
most common organ sending mets
|
lung>breast, stomach
|
|
|
|
most common ovarian tumor (benign)
|
serous cystadenoma
|
|
|
|
most common ovarian tumor (malignant)
|
serous cystadenocarcinoma
|
|
|
|
most common pancratic tumor
|
adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas)
|
|
|
|
most common pt w/ Hodgkin's
|
young male (except nodular sclerosis type-female)
|
|
|
|
most common pt with minimal change dz
|
young child
|
|
|
|
most common pt w/ Reiter's
|
male
|
|
|
|
most common pt with Hodgkin's
|
young male (except nodular sclerosis type-female)
|
|
|
|
most common pt with minimal change dz
|
young child
|
|
|
|
most common pt w/ Reiter's
|
male
|
|
|
|
most common pituitary tumor
|
prolactinoma (2nd-somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
|
|
|
|
most common preventable cancer
|
lung cancer
|
|
|
|
most common primary bone tumor (adults)
|
multiple myeloma
|
|
|
|
most common primary hyperparathyroidism
|
adenomas (followed by hyperplasia, then carcinoma)
|
|
|
|
most common primary liver tumor
|
hepatoma
|
|
|
|
most common renal tumor
|
renal cell carcinoma-associated withvon Hippel-Lindau and aquired polycystic kidney dz; paraneoplastic syndromes (erythropoietin, renin, PTH, ACTH)
|
|
|
|
most common secondary hyperparathyroidism
|
hypocalcemia of chronic renal failure
|
|
|
|
most common sexually transmitted dz
|
clamydia
|
|
|
|
most common site of diverticula
|
sigmoid colon
|
|
|
|
most common site of metastasis
|
regional lymph nodes
|
|
|
|
2nd most common site of metastasis
|
liver
|
|
|
|
most common site of athrosclerosis
|
abdominal aorta >coronary>popliteal>carotid
|
|
|
|
most common skin cancer
|
basal cell carcinoma
|
|
|
|
most common stomach cancer
|
adenocarcinoma
|
|
|
|
most common testicular tumor
|
seminoma
|
|
|
|
most common thyroid cancer
|
papillary carcinoma
|
|
|
|
most common tracheoesophageal fistula
|
lower esophagus joins trachea/upper esophagus-blind pouch
|
|
|
|
most common tumor in men
|
prostate carcinoma
|
|
|
|
most common tumor in women
|
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)
|
|
|
|
most common tumor of infancy
|
hemangioma
|
|
|
|
most common tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
|
pheochromocytoma (benign)
|
|
|
|
most common tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
|
neuroblastoma (malignant)
|
|
|
|
most common type of Hodgkin's
|
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
|
|
|
|
most common type of non-Hodgkin's
|
follicular, small cleaved
|
|
|
|
most common type of pituitary adenoma
|
prolactinoma
|
|
|
|
most common vasculitis
|
temporal arteritis (risk of ipsilaterla blindness due to thrombosis of opthalmic artery)
|
|
|
|
most common viral encephalitis
|
HSV
|
|
|
|
most common vitamen deficiency (U.S)
|
folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3-4 mo supply)
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of addisons
|
autoimmune (infection is the 2nd most common cause)
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of aneurysm, dissecting
|
hypertension
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
|
atherosclerosis
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of aortic aneurysm, ascendign
|
tertiary syphilis
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis (newborns)
|
Group B strep (Streptococcus agalactiae)
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of cancer associatred with AIDS
|
Kaposi's sarcoma
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis (adults)
|
Strep Pneumo
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis (elderly)
|
streptococcus pneumonia
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
|
21-hydroxylase deficiency
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of cretinism
|
iodine deficit/hpothyroidism
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of cushing's syndroem
|
corticosteroid theapy (2nd most common cause is excess ACTH secretion by pituitary)
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of death in CML
|
blast crisis
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of death in SLE
|
lupus nephropathy
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of dementia
|
alzheimer's (2nd most common is multi-infarct)
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of DIC
|
gram negative sepsis, obstetric compliction, cancer, burn trauma
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of ejection click
|
aortic/pulmonic stenosis
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of food poisoning
|
S. Aureus
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of glomerulonephritis (adults)
|
IgA nephropathy (berger's dz)
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of hematoma-epidural
|
rupture of middle meningeal artery (arterial bleeding is fast)
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of hematoma-subdureal
|
rupture of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow)
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of hemochromatosis
|
multiple blood transfusions (can result in CHF and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of hepatic cirrhosis
|
EtOH
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of hepatocellular carcinoma
|
cirrhotic liver (often associated with hepatitis B and C)
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of holosstolic murmur
|
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of hypertension (secondary)
|
renal dz
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of hypoparathyroidism
|
thyroidectomy
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of hypopituitarism
|
adenoma
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of infection in blood transfusion
|
hepatitis C
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of infection in burn victems
|
pseudomonas
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of leukemia (adults)
|
AML
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of "machine-like" murmur
|
PDA
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of mental retardation
|
down syndroem (fragile X is the second most common cause)
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of MI
|
athrerosclerosis
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of mitral valve stenosis
|
rheumatic heart dz
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of myocarditis
|
cocksackie B
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of nephrotic syndroem (adults)
|
membranous glomerulonephritis
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of nephrotic syndroem (kids)
|
minimal change dz (assoc. w/ infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids)
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of opening snap
|
mitral stenosis
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of osteomylitis
|
S. aureus
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of osteomyelitis in pts with sickle cell dz
|
Salmonella
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of osteomyelitis with IVDA
|
pseudomonas
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of pancreatits (acute)
|
EtOH and gallstones
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of pancreatitis (chronic)
|
EtOH (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of Peu d'orange
|
carcinoma of the breast
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of PID
|
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of pneumonia, hospital-aquired
|
Klebsiella
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of pneumonia in cystic fibrosis, burn infection
|
pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of preventable blindness
|
chlamydia
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of primary amenorrhea
|
turner's (XO)
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of primary hyperaldosteronism
|
adenoma of adreanal cortex
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of hyperparathyroidism
|
adenoma
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of pulmonary hypertension
|
COPD
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
|
Cor pulmonale
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of sheehan's syndrome
|
postpartum pituitary infarction secondary to hemorrhage
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of SIADH
|
small cell carcinoma of the lung
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of UTI
|
E. coli
|
|
|
|
most frequent cause of UTI (young women)
|
E. coli and staphylococcus saprophyticus
|
|
|
|
chronic atrophic gastritis
|
predisposition to gastric carcinoma
|
|
|
|
Pick's disease
|
Progressive dementia similar to Alzheimer's
|
|
|
|
Rib notching
|
Coarctation of the aorta
|
|
|
|
most common cause of Right sided heart failure
|
left sided heart failure
|
|
