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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The loss of a fetus during prenancy due to natural causes at less than 20 weeks
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spontaneous abortion
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What are five types of spontaneous abortions
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threatened
inevitable complete imcomplete missed |
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The loss of a pregnancy after 20 weeks gestation is considered...
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fetal demise or FDIU (fetal death in utero
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The fetal heart rate for a 1st trimester fetus should be above....
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100 (anything under 90 predicts a poor outcome)
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75% of spontaneous abortions occur before what week of pregnancy
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16th
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What percent of SABs occur before the 16th week?
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75%
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How many weeks after the embryonic death does the SAB usually occur?
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1-3
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SAB usually begins with hemorrhage in the _________ basilis layer causing a detachment of the conceptus
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decidual
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What are some possible causes of a SAB
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hormonal factors (CL)
muellerian defects chromosomal defects |
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Describe a threatened abortion
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crampling and bleeding without passage of tissue in a pregnancy < 20 weeks
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Will the cervical os be opened or closed during a threatened abortion?
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closed
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what percent of threatened abortions will end in miscarriage
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50%
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Will the hCG levels be increasing or decreasing
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decreasing
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What is the most common cause of first trimester scans
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threatened abortions
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what are some clinical symptoms with a threatened abortion
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closed cervix
possible vaginal bleeding or spotting cramping |
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True or false: With a threatened abortion you will have a closed cevix
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true
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T or F: With advanced maternal age you will have less bleeding with pregnancy
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false
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What is a subchorionic hemorrhage
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a hemorrhage within the deciduas basalis layer surrounding gestational sac
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A subchorionic hemorrhage is oftem mistaken for a.....
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twin pregnancy
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When iNpregnancy are you most likely to have a subchorionic hemorrhage
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during the first two months of pregnancy
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With a subchorionic hemorrhage you will usually have a normal apprearing GS surrounded by a _________shaped fluid collection
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cresent
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What is an inevitable abortion
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an abortion in progress...a threatened abortion with more severe cramping
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With an inevitable abortion will the cervical os be opened or closed
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open
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True or False: An inevitable abortion can be halted
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false
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True or false: With a threatened abortion, the cervical is open
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false
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What are two other names for an inevitable abortion
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impending or imminent abortion
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with an inevitable abortion where are you likely to see the gestational sac
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LUS or cervix
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If mom has been bleeding for more than _____ days, it is likely she is having a inevitable abortion
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7
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Is a SAB an elected proceedure or due to natural causes
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natural causes
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T or F a TAB is due to natural causes
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False it is an elected proceedure
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What is a complete abortion?
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all products of conception have been expelled from teh uterus at any time during pregnancy.
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what does POC stand for
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Products of Conception
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What are clinical signs of a complete abortion
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heavy bleeding with tissue clots
cramping and cessation of pain and brisk bleeding after conceptus has passed |
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how do you diagnose a complete abortion
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rapidly declining hCG levels
empty uterus and clean Endo closed cervical os |
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What will happen to the hCG levels with a complete abortion
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they will be gone
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What are the typical patient symptoms of a complete abortion
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pregnancy symptoms disappear
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What is an incomplete abortion
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only partial evacuation of POC, tissue will remain in endo, hCG slowly decreases, cervix will be thin an dilated
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what is the ultrasound appearance of an incomplete abortion
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echos seen in endo due to air bubbles or retained body parts
usually dx at time event is happening |
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describe a missed abortion
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fetal heart stops before 20 weeks but gestational sac does not expell
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what are the symptoms of a missed abortion
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loss of preg signs
decrease in uterine size brownish vag discharge decrease hCG levels could be months before dx |
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What is another name for an anembryonic pregnancy
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blighted ovum
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What is a blighted ovum
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presence of a gestational sac within the uterus in which an embryo has failed to develop
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Do hCG levels increase with an anembryonic pregnancy
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yes, but slower than the normal rate
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T or F: you will see a double decidual sign with a blighted ovum
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false
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What are the clinical signs of a blighted ovum
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measure small for dates
increasing hCG (slowly) spotting with closed cervix |
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.when should an embryo be seen in a gestational sac
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when the gestational sac is 3cm or larger
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what is it termed when someone has aborted more than three times
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habitual aborter
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what is ectopic pregnancy
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implantation of the conceptus outside of the endometrial cavity
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What percent of maternal deaths are caused by ectopic pregnancy
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10%
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Why are ectopic pregnancies more common now
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because of STDs, reconstructive surgery, fertility drugs and IUDs
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What are different types of ectopic pregnancies
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adnexal ectopic, uterine ectopic, cervical ectopic, abdominal preg, heterotopic preg
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Once you have had one ectopic pregnancy you are _____ more likely to have another
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25%
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Where do most ectopic pregnancies occur
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in the ampulla of the tube
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Where would fluid be found if an ectopic ruptured
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Morrison's Pouch
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What is a uterine ectopic pregnancy
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when the conceptus implants on any site within the uterus outside the endo cavity
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WHat is the most life threatening type of ectopic preg
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cornual or intersititial
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what is the least common type of ectopic preg
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cervical
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If you have had a D&C what type of ectopic are you most likely to have
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cervical
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What is the classic triad of symptoms for ectopic preg
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bleeding pelvic pain and adnexal mass
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What are the symptoms of ectopic preg
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bleeding, pelvic pain, adnexal mass, + preg test, lower than normal hCG, possible shoulder pain
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What can shoulder pain signify
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intraperitoneal bleeding
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What would you see on Ultrasound with an ectopic
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empty uterus, adnexal mass, free fluid, ring of fire, decidual reaction,
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does a pseudogestational sac contain a living embryo
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no
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T or F: a pseudogestational sac contains a yolk sac
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F
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