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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bone
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calcified connective tissue that gives strength to the skeleton
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cartilage
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softer precursor to bony skelton in the fetal stage
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epiphyses
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growth plates where bone growth begins
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shoulder
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formed by three bones and attached muscles; the scapula is an irregularly shaped bone that lies on the upper part of the back; the acromial process can be felt at its lateral edge; the glenoid fossa is a shallow socket where the scapula articulates with the humerus
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clavicle
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articulates with the sternum and acromion
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ulna
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medial bone of the forearm; it is superficial and can be palpatated from the oecranon, or posterior point of the elbow to the wrist
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wrist
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consists of 8 bones, 2 rows of 4 carpal bones which articulate with the ulna and radius proximally and the metacarpals distally
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metacarpals
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5 bones that articulate with the carpals and phalanges
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pelvis
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ringlike stucture that is made up of the sacrum and coccyx posteriorly, the pubis symphysis anteriorly, and the ischium, illium, and pubis bones laterally
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femur
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longest and strongest bone of the body; it has a rounded head which articulates into the acetabulum to form the hip joint
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tibia
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major weight bearing bone of the lower leg
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bones of the foot
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7 tarsal bones, 5 metatarsal bones, and 14 phalanges
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ankle
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formed by the talus bone which rests on the calcaneus, or heel bone
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sprains
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injuries to ligaments, usually resulting from stretching forces
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strains
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injuries to muscles or their tendon, usually from overstretching or violent contractions
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dislocation
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displacement of the bones in a joint from their normal anatomical positoin
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examples of direct forces
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a vehicle bumper striking the tibia of a pedestrian, a gunshot wound shattering a bone
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examples of indirect forces
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a person who falls on his outstretched hand may have a fracture of any of the bones of the upper extermity, also twisting forces
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grating
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aka crepitus; this occurs during palpation when you note a grating sensation or sound
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signs of ischemia of a limb
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the five "P's": pain, pulselessness, pallor, prickling, and paralysis
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long spine board
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used to transport when there are life-threatening conditions that cannot wait for splinting in the field
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splinting joint injuries
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as a rule these are splinted in the way that they are found however if they lack a distal pulse some protocols will allow you to attempt and straighten the injury
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swathe
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folded triangular bandage or roller bandage used to bind the upper arm to the chest wall
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traction splint
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consist of a metal frame and a pulley system to apply traction to the lower extremity
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cerebrum
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largest and most superior part of the brain, divided into two hemispheres, and further divided into lobes which each have their own particular functions
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frontal lobe
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responsible for intellectual funcitons and motor control of skeletal muscles
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parietal lobe
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center for sensory perception
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temporal lobe
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olfactory and auditory signals
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brainstem
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lowest part of the brain, controls circulatory functions and injury to the pons and medulla can result in abnormal breathing patterns
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CSF circulates between
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the pia mater an dthe arachnoid
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somatic nervous system
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connects the CNS with the sensory and motor neurons involved with direct conscious activities
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involuntary nervous system's divisions
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parasympathetic and sympathetic
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compression spinal injuries
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occur when one spinal vertebra is driven onto another; i.e. someone diving into shallow winter and hitting her head
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flexion spinal injury
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when one vertebra slides past another; i.e. lap belt inury when the pelvis is held in place and the deceleration force places maximal stress on the thoracic and lumbar veretebrae
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manual inline stabilization
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holding a patient's head in a neutral position in line w/ the rest of the body
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static injury
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force of injury is only applied in one direction, i.e. a car falling off a jack and onto a person
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dynamic injury
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forces causing the head injury are those that follow the initial blow, i.e. when someone is in a car accident and he suffers decleration forces due to wearing a seat belt
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Glasgow Coma Scale
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four eye responses, five verbal responses, and six motor responses, scale from 3-15 (15 is best)
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cervical collar
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important for imbolizing the flexion and extension and to some extent the lateral movements of the spine
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hematoma
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localized collection of blood outside of the blood vessels
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three elements necessary for an infectios disease to be spread
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host, source, and means of transmission
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incubation period
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time between contact with the infectious agent and the onset of signs and symptoms of the disease, the host may or may not be infectious during this period
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droplet versus airborne transmisison
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droplet transmission occurs when you are within a 3 feet radius of someone and their body fluids enter a permeable body membrane; airborne transmission is when the contagen is the size of a nuclei; these require special masks
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vehicle transmission
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transmission via food, water, or other contaminated items
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vector transmission
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vectors carry agents that transmit disease, i.e. ticks
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pasive immunity
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immunity conferred by the injection of antibodies called immune globin, given to high risk individuals
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AIDS was first described in
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1982
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pneumonia that is really seen in the general population but is common in ppl infected with AIDS
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Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
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which Hepatitis is of concern to health care workers
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Hepatitis B
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transmission method of Hepatitis A
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oral0fecal routes
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Hepatitis C transmission and vaccination
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blood-borne exposure and less commonly through sexual contact; there is currently no vaccination available
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Hepatits B
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spread like AIDS and also through a bite
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high efficiency particualte air respirator mask
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used if a patient has or is suspected to have TB and other airborne-transmitted pathogens
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dependent lividity
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black and blue discolorations of most gravity-dependent body portions, seen after death
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attachments of the diaphragm
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xiphoid process, the lower 6 ribs, and the upper lumbar vertebrae
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deceleration injuries
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usually occur to structures that have both mobile and fixed portions; although the victim may stop on impact, mobile portions or an organ continue to move within the body cavity, tearing from the fixed portion of the same organ at the point of attachment
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flail chest
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2 or more ribs fractured at 2 or more places
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pneumothorax
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air in pleural space
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hemothroax
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bleeding in the pleural space
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pericardial or cardiac tamponade
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blood or fluid collecting between the layers covering the heart
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traumatic asphyxia
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condition resulting from severe compression of the thorax
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tension pneumothorax
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closed pneumothorax can occasionally develop into a tension pneumothorax, a condtion in which air entering the chest cavity
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compression injuries
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occur when two or more opposing forces compress intraabdominal organs, resulting in contusions, tears, or rupture
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evisceration
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presence of abdominal contents, usually intestines, protruding through the abdominal wall
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which quadrant does the stomach occupy
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left upper
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which quadrant does the liver occupy
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RUQ just below diaphragm and partially protected by the lower ribsq
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cirrhosis
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scarring
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hepatits
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infammation
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cecum
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first part of the large intestine; junction between the ileum and the ascending colon
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functions of the urinary system
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1. to regulate the fulid volume and blood salt concentration 2. to filter the blood of toxins
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kidney location
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located in the retroperitoneum, high up on the posterior abdominal wall just under the diaphragm
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diuresis
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when the kidneys excrete larger volumes of water because of excessive fluid intake
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urea
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a dangerous byproduct of metabolism that is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys
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dysura and hematuria
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dysura: painful urination
hematuria: blood in the urine |
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diverticulum
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outpouching of the inner wall of bowel tissue into the musclar layer of th ebowel
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mutual aid
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prearranged response system that is established with neighboring communities to ensure a large-scale response of emergency personnel and vehicles, including police, firefighters, and ambulances, during a catastrophic incident
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first stage of triage
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victims are tagged with colors
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second stage of triage
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begins after patients are removed to area where treatment can safely be rendered;
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third stage of triage
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only present in some situations where a field hospital is created on site; the field hospital has the capability to render advance life support
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triage--red
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red is for critical patients who have life-threatening injuries but a chance to survive with early stabilization and support; these patients require treatment within an hour
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triage--yellow
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this is used to mark patients with potentially life-threatening injuries who must be treated w/in the next few hours
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triage--green
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this patients have no life-threatening injuries
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triage--black
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these patients are found w/o signs of life or with obvious mortal injuries
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convergence
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rapid gathering of onlookers, rescuers, and press at the scene of a disaster
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hypoxemia
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deficient oxygen concentration in arterial blood
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stylet
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a malleable metal tube inserted into an ET tube to provide stiffness and shape and help guide the tube during intubation
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Sellick maneuver
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cricoid pressure which helps prevent regurgitation and aspiration in an unresponsive patient w/o a cough or gag reflex during intubation
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complications of intubation
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esophageal intubation, inadeqaute ventilation and oxygenation from prolonged attempts, soft tissue trauma, right main stem bronchus intubation, vomiting, bradycardia and dysrhymias, tube dislodgement, and self-extubation
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straight laryngoscope blade and curved laryngoscope blade
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Miller and MacIntosh
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typical ET tube sizes for men and women
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men: 8-8.5
women: 7 |
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when did the WHO declare smallpox eradicated
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1980
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alpha particle
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two protons and two neutrons; weakest of the particles, can be stopped by paper
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beta particles
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charged particles the mass of an electron, cna be stopped by skin
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gamma rays
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high energy electromagnetic radiation rays similar to x-rays but w/ more energy
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NBC
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nuclear, biological, chemical
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incorporation
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binding of radioactive materials into the body cells, tissues, and organs
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acronym for chemical agent effects
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SLUDGEM: salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, gastrointestinal, cramps, emesis (vomiting) miosis (small pupils), and muscular twitching
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HIPAA
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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (took effect in 2003); specifically outline are provisions for patients' access to their medical recrods and more control over how their private health care info is disseminated
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scope of practice
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the range of activities and limitations of a given meidcal provider (don't do something that you're not trained to do)
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breach of duty
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a negligent action or omission that has violated the standards or care expected from a health care provider
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advance directives
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more specific than DNR and list other advance healthcare interventions that should or should not be performed in case of mental incapacity
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biotelemtry
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transmission of biological data from the field to a distant location such as a hospital
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what percentage of deaths due to influenza and pneumonia occur in ppl older than 64
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90%
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beta blockers and calcium channel blockers
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taken for high blood pressure and heart disease, these drugs may slow the patient's HR and therefore mask the signs of hypovolemia
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during forced exhalation, the upper rightand part of the diaphargm can extend as high as
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the forth costal cartilage anteriorly and the eight rib posteriorly
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diaphgargm connects to the rinbs at what level
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lower sixth pair of ribs
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patient presenting with severe swelling and ecchymosis of the neck and face after a heavy weight falling on his chest has
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traumatic aspyhyxia
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parietal peritoneum
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lines the abdominal and pelvic walls
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the visceral peritoneum
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covers most of the intraabdominal organs
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pertitonitis
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inflammation of the peritoneum
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somatic pathway
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allows pain to be localized anatomically near the affected organ
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T or F a common cause of flail chest is a gunshot wound
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F
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T or F a patient with cardiac tamponade will usualy present w/ tracheal shift and and distended neck veins
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F
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most common injury for EMS workers
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injuries to the back
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mod of disease transmission that occurs when an EMT worker touches an infected instrument
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indirect donctact
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drugs classified as beta blockers or calcium channel blockers
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are taken for high blood pressure and heart disease and may slow the patient's heart rate; patients taking these drugs my mask the effect of shock due to their slower HR
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DNR orders
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order providers not to perform resuscitation if breathing or circulation stops
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the most common symptom of a fracture is
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pain
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whta is the major cause of deformity after a fracture
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opposing muscles' pulling forces
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angulated elbow fractures or dislocations are best immobilizxed by a
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rigid splint, with sling and swathe
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paresthesia
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numbness or tingling
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opoids aka
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narcotics
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structural injuries to the brain
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result in the disruption of specific sections of brain tissue or nerves and result in the loss of specific functions
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contrecoup injuries
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occur on the opposite side of the brain from the site of the blow
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increased intracranial pressure symptoms
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headaches, nausea, and vomiting
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increased intracranial pressure's effect on pulse rate and BP
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to decrease it
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epidural hematomas are caused by
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arterial bleeding
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subdural hematomas are caused by
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venous bleeding
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effect of increased CO2 levels on cerebral vessels
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dilation
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when a patient develops neurogenic shock from spinal injuries, the pulse rate is most likely to be and his/her vessels are
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normal range, dilated
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artery located on the inside surface of the temporal bone that may cause significanty bleeding if this area of the skull is fractured
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middle meningeal artery
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what type of brain hematoma clasically prsents with a short period of unconscoiusness, followed by a lucid interval, and then a decrease or alteration in the patient's level of conscoiusness
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epidural hematoma
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low vitals, priapism, and loss of sweat mechanism below the clavicles are a result of
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increased sympathetic activity
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when reacting to a documented HAZMAT incident, it is important to establish a patient treatment and transport location called a
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staging area
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which bronchi is longer and more acute
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left
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