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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc have a soft sound before...
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e, i, ae, oe
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Always in Latin and usually in English, c, g, and sc have a hard sound before...
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a, o, u, and consonants
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In Latin and English hard 'c' has the sound of...
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/k/
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In English soft 'c' has the sound of
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/s/
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In Latin soft 'c' has the sound of
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/ch/
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What are the names, from left to right, of the last three syllables of a Latin word?
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antepenult
penult ultima |
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The accent is on the (1)__________ unless the (2)__________ is marked.
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1) penult
2) antepenult |
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Verb families are called...
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conjugations
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How many conjugations are there in Latin?
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Four. They are called 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th conjugation.
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What are the six attributes of a Latin verb.
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1. Conjugation 2. Person
3. Number 4. Tense 5. Voice 6. Mood |
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What are the names, from left to right, of the last three syllables of a Latin word?
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antepenult
penult ultima |
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What are the three grammar persons called?
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1st person
2nd person 3rd person |
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Who is the first person?
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The person speaking
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The accent is on the (1)__________ unless the (2)__________ is marked.
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1) penult
2) antepenult |
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Verb families are called...
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conjugations
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Who is the second person?
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The person spoken to
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Who is the third person?
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The person spoken about
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How many conjugations are there in Latin?
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Four. They are called 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th conjugation.
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What are the six attributes of a Latin verb.
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1. Conjugation 2. Person
3. Number 4. Tense 5. Voice 6. Mood |
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What are the two grammar numbers?
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Singular and Plural
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What are the three grammar persons called?
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1st person
2nd person 3rd person |
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Who is the first person?
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The person speaking
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Who is the second person?
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The person spoken to
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Who is the third person?
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The person spoken about
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What are the two grammar numbers?
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Singular and Plural
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What are the names, from left to right, of the last three syllables of a Latin word?
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antepenult
penult ultima |
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The accent is on the (1)__________ unless the (2)__________ is marked.
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1) penult
2) antepenult |
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Verb families are called...
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conjugations
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How many conjugations are there in Latin?
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Four. They are called 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th conjugation.
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What are the six attributes of a Latin verb.
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1. Conjugation 2. Person
3. Number 4. Tense 5. Voice 6. Mood |
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What are the three grammar persons called?
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1st person
2nd person 3rd person |
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Who is the first person?
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The person speaking
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Who is the second person?
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The person spoken to
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Who is the third person?
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The person spoken about
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What are the two grammar numbers?
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Singular and Plural
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How many Latin tenses are there?
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six
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What are the six Latin tenses?
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1. Present 2. Imperfect
3. Future 4. Perfect 5. Pluperfect 6. Future Perfect |
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What is the stem vowel for the 1st Conjugation verbs?
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a
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What are the three forms of the English present tense?
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Simple Present
Progressive Present Emphatic Present |
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Give an example of Simple Present in English.
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I praise.
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Give an example of Progressive Present in English.
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I am praising.
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Give an example of Emphatic Present in English.
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I do praise.
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In Latin Imperfect means...
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not finished
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The imperfect tense sign is...
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ba
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Imperfect tense is usually described as....
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ongoing, repeated, habitual, or interrupted
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What English helping verbs are used to translate the imperfect tense?
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were, was
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What are the two basic parts of any sentence?
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The subject and the predicate
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The subject is...
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who or what the sentence is about
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The predicate tells...
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what the subject is or does
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What is Sentence Pattern 1?
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Subject + Verb
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What English helping verb translates the Latin future tense?
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will
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What three tenses make up the Present System?
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present, imperfect, future
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The Present System is built on what stem?
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The Present Stem
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What provides the stems needed to conjugate a verb in all its tenses?
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the principal parts
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What is the 2nd principal part called?
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the infinitive
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What is the infinitive ending for all 1st conjugation verbs?
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-are
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How do you find the present stem?
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Drop the -re from the infinitive
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In English the infinitive is written with what particle before the verb?
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to
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What does the 'to be' verb show instead of action?
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existence
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Give the English forms of the 'to be' verb.
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am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
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What are the regular endings for the principal parts of 1st conjugation verbs?
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-o, -are, -avi, -atus
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What is Sentence Pattern 2?
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Subject + Verb + Direct Object
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What is something that completes the action of the verb?
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complement
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What is the first complement in First Form Latin?
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the complementary infinitive
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In Latin grammar perfect means...
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finished
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The perfect tense describes what kind of action?
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a one-time action completed in the past
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What stem is the perfect tense built on?
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the perfect stem
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How do you find the perfect stem?
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Drop the 'i' from the 3rd principal part.
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Give 3 possible English translations of the Latin word vocavi
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I called
I have called I did call |
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What English helping verbs translate the perfect tense?
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have
had did |
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What stem is the pluperfect tense built on?
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the perfect stem
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What kind of action does the pluperfect tense describe?
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a past action completed prior to another past action
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What English helping verb translates the pluperfect tense?
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had
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The pluperfect tense endings are identical to
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the imperfect tense of 'sum'
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What stem is the future perfect tense built on?
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the perfect stem
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What kind of action does the future perfect tense describe?
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an action in the future completed prior to another action in the future
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What English helping verbs translate the future perfect tense?
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will have
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The future perfect tense endings are identical to 1)_______________ except for 2)___________________
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1)the future tense of sum
2)3rd person plural |
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The tenses of the Perfect System are....
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perfect, pluperfect, future perfect
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All Perfect System tenses are built on the _________ stem.
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Perfect
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Verb families are called...
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conjugations
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Noun families are called....
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declensions
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How many declensions are there?
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five
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What are the 5 declensions called?
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1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th
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What are the four attributes of nouns?
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declension
gender number case |
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What are the three genders?
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masculine
feminine neuter |
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Nouns that name male or female persons or animals have _______ gender.
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natural
examples: brother, sister, king, queen, uncle, aunt |
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Nouns that name non-living things have ___________ gender.
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grammatical
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What is the case of a noun?
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the job of the noun in the sentence
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What are the 5 cases of Latin nouns?
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nominative
genitive dative accusative ablative |
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The subject of a sentence is what case?
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nominative
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The direct object of a sentence is what case?
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accusative
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The indirect object of a sentence is what case?
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dative
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A possessive noun is what case?
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genitive
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What is the in/by/with/from case?
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ablative
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What is the to/for case?
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dative
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What is the of case?
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genitive
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The genitive singular of a 1st declension noun always ends in...
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ae
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1st declension nouns are usually what gender?
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feminine
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Three important exceptions to the 1st declension feminine rule are...
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poeta
nauta agricola |
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Latin does not have the English articles...
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a
an the |
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What are three possible translations of the Latin noun mensa...
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table
a table the table |
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The genitive singular of a 2nd declension noun always ends in
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i
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Second declension 'us' nouns are usually what gender?
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masculine
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What are the two subgroups of the 2nd declension
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us nouns with masculine gender
um nouns with neuter gender |
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Verbs have tense and person endings but nouns have what kind of endings?
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case
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Second declension 'um' nouns are always what gender?
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neuter
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The declension a noun belongs to is determined by the ...
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genetive singular
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The gender rule ________ all other gender rules.
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trumps
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What is the neuter rule?
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nominative and accusative endings are the same;
nominative and accusative plural ending is -a |
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Subject and verb must agree in ...
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person and number
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What is an adjective?
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An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun
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In Latin an adjective must agree with its noun in
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gender
number case but not declension |
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Usually an adjective of 1)__________ precedes a noun and an adjective of 2)___________follows a noun
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1)quantity
2)quality |
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The counting numbers are called
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cardinal numbers
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The numbers that indicate the order things are in (1st, 2nd, etc) are called
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ordinal numbers
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What is Sentence Pattern 3?
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subject + linking verb + predicate adjective
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What is Sentence Pattern 4?
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subject + linking verb + predicate nominative
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The genitive singular of a 3rd declension noun always ends in
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-is
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How can you know the gender of a 3rd declension noun?
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Just have to memorize it
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Masculine and feminine nouns of the 3rd declension have the same..
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case endings
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How do you find the stem of a Latin noun?
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Drop the genitive singular ending
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The usual word order for an English sentence is
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Subject - verb - direct object
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How many of the seven basic sentence patterns have complements?
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six
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The usual word order for a Latin sentence is
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subject - direct object - verb
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What kind of verb is never followed by a direct object?
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sum
the 'to be' verb |
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The genitive singular of the 4th declension always ends in
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us
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Fourth declension nouns are usually what gender?
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masculine
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What are two 4th declension nouns that are not masculine?
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domus
manus |
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The genitive singular of the 5th declension is
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ei
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Most 5th declension nouns are what gender?
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feminine
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What is one 5th declension noun that is not feminine?
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dies
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What is the stem vowel of the 2nd conjugation?
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e
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What is the infinitive ending for all 2nd conjugation verbs?
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-ere
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What are the regular endings for the principal parts of a 2nd conjugation verb?
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-eo, -ere, -ui, -itus
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