First Aid - Vitamins And Their Deficiencies

Front 1

Where are fat soluble vitamins absorbed?

Back 1

Ileum

Front 2

B-complex deficiencies result in these 3 findings:

Back 2

Dermatitis
Glossitis
Diarrhea

Front 3

This form of vitamin A is used for wrinkles and acne:

Back 3

Retin-A

Front 4

Signs of Vitamin A excess:

Back 4

HA, incr ICP
Skin changes, alopecia, sore throat
Athralgias, Fatigue
hepatitis

Front 5

Thiamine is used as a cofactor in two places.
Name them:

Back 5

Common cofactor for:
1. Decarboxylation of a-keto acids (pyruvate, alpha-ketogluterate)

2. transketolase (HMP shunt)

Front 6

Thiamine is specifically used in which step of the TCA cycle

Back 6

decarboxylation of a-keto glutarate to succinyl CoA.

(also requires lipoic acid, CoA, FAD, and NAD)

** It is b/c of this rxn that you must give thiamine before glucose! **

Front 7

Signs of DRY beri beri:

Back 7

Polyneruritis, Muscle wasting

Front 8

Manifestations of Vitamin B2 deficiency:

Back 8

Angular stomatitis
Chelosis
Corneal vascularization (may see photophobia)

Front 9

Biological role of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

Back 9

Cofactor in oxidation and reduction

Think FAD and FMN

Front 10

Two metabolic diseases associated with Niacin deficiency:

Back 10

Hartnups (impaired transport of tryptophan in intestine)

Blue diaper syndrome (impaired transport of tryptophan in kidney)

Front 11

When you think niacin deficiency, you should also think about ____ deficiency.

Back 11

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

(Niacin is derived from tryptophan using vitamin B6 as a cofactor)

Front 12

Signs/Symptoms of B5 (Pantothenate) deficiency:

Back 12

Dermatitis, alopecia;
enteritis;
adrenal insufficiency (decrease sterol synth)

Front 13

Which vitamin is a co-factor for CoA and fatty acid synthase?

Back 13

B5 (pantothenate)

Front 14

Symptoms of B6 deficiency:

Back 14

Convulsions, hyperirritability;
peripheral neuropathy

Front 15

Which vitamin is used in transamination reactions:

What are these reactions used for?

Back 15

B6

Used for decarboxylation and heme synthesis

Front 16

Test for thiamine defiency:

Back 16

Erythrocyte transketolase

Front 17

Signs/symptoms with B12 deficiency?

Back 17

Neurological symptoms (optic neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration, paresthesia)
Glossitis
Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia

Front 18

Which vitamin is a cofactor for homocysteine methylation?

Back 18

B12

Homocysteine + N-metTHF -> Methionine + THF & Methylmalonyl-Coa->Succinyl Coa

Front 19

Biotin is a co-factor in what general types of rxns?

Name 3 specific ones.

Back 19

Carboxylations:

1) Pyruvate --> oxaloacetate
2) Acetyl-CoA --> malonyl-CoA
3) Propionyl-CoA --> methymalonyl-CoA

Front 20

Which vitamin is a cofactor in the conversion of DA--> NE?

Back 20

Vitamin C

Front 21

Which form of vitamin D is consumed in milk?

Ergocalciferol
Cholecalciferol

Back 21

Ergocalciferol

Front 22

Which disease does Vitamin E deficiency most resemble?

Back 22

Fredrich's Ataxia
(Demyelination of dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal tract, and spinocerebellar tract)

+ hemolytic anemia

Front 23

Cofactor needed for cystathionine synthase:

(homocysteine --> cystathionine)

Back 23

B6