First Aid Step 2: Renal/gu

Front 1

RTA associated w/ abnormal H+ secretion and nephrolithiasis

Back 1

Type 1 RTA (distal)

Front 2

RTA associated w/ abnormal HCO3- and rickets

Back 2

Type II (proximal) RTA

Front 3

RTA associated w/ aldosterone defect

Back 3

Type IV (distal) RTA

Front 4

Doughy skin

Back 4

Hypernatremia

Front 5

Differential of hypervolemic hyponatremia

Back 5

Cirrhosis, CHF, nephritic syndome

Front 6

Chvostek's and Trousseau's sign

Back 6

Hypocalcemia

Front 7

The most common cuase of hypercalcemia

Back 7

Malignancy (if in hospital pts), hyperparathyroidism (in outpt population)

Front 8

T wave flattening and U waves

Back 8

Hypokalemia

Front 9

Peaked T waves and widened QRS

Back 9

Hyperkalemia

Front 10

First line treatment for moderate hypercalcemia

Back 10

IV hydration and loop diuretics (lasix)

Front 11

Type of ARF in a pt w/ FENa<1%

Back 11

Pre-renal

Front 12

A 49 y.o. male w/ acute onset flank pain and hematuria

Back 12

Nephrolithiasis

Front 13

The most common type of nephrolithiasis

Back 13

Calcium oxalate

Front 14

A 20 y.o. w/ palpable flank mass and hematuria. US shows b/l enlarged kidneys w/ cysts. Dx? Associated brain condition?

Back 14

ADPKD associate w/ cerebral berry aneurysms

Front 15

Hematuria, HTN, and oliguria

Back 15

Nephritic syndrome

Front 16

Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperlidipuria, and edema

Back 16

Nephrotic syndrome

Front 17

The most common form of nephritic syndrome

Back 17

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Front 18

The most common form of glomerulonephritis

Back 18

IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)

Front 19

Glomerulonephritis w/ deafness

Back 19

Alport's syndrom

Front 20

Glomerulonephritis w/ hemoptysis

Back 20

Wegener's granulomatosis and Goodpasture's syndrome

Front 21

Presence of red cell casts in urine sediment

Back 21

Glomerulonephritis/nephritic syndrome

Front 22

Eosinophils in urine sediment

Back 22

Allergic interstitial nephritis

Front 23

Waxy casts in urine sediment and Maltese crosses (seen w/ lipiduria)

Back 23

Nephrotic syndrome

Front 24

Drowsiness, asterixis, nausea and a preicardial friction rub

Back 24

Uremic syndrome seen in pts w/ renal failure

Front 25

A 55 y.o. male is dx'd w/ prostate cancer. Treatment options?

Back 25

Wait, surgical resection, radiation, and/or androgen suppresion

Front 26

Low urine specific gravity in the presence of high serum osmolality

Back 26

DI

Front 27

Tx of SIADH

Back 27

Water restriction. Demeclocycline

Front 28

Hematuria, flank pain, and palpable flank mass

Back 28

Renal cell carcinoma

Front 29

Testicular cancer assocated w/ elevated b-hcg and AFP

Back 29

Choriocarcinoma

Front 30

The most common testicular cancer

Back 30

Seminoma, a type of germ cell tumor

Front 31

the most common bladder cancer

Back 31

Transitional cell carcinoma

Front 32

Complication of overly rapid correction of hyponatremia

Back 32

Central pontine myelinolysis

Front 33

Acid base disorder w/ ASA OD

Back 33

Mixed: Anion gap metabolic acidosis combined w/ primary respiratory alkalosis due to central respiratory depression

Front 34

Acid base distrubance commonly seen in pregnant women

Back 34

Respiratory alkalosis

Front 35

Three systemic diseases that lead to nephrotic syndrome

Back 35

DM, SLE, amyloidosis

Front 36

Elevated EPO level, elevated Hct, normal O2 sat?

Back 36

RCC or other EPO secretion tumor. evaluate w/ CT scan

Front 37

A 55 y.o. male presents w/ irritatie and obstructive urinary symptoms. Tx?

Back 37

Likely BPH. Options include no treatment, terazosin, finasteride, or TURP