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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Diphenhydramine
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1st gen H1 blocker
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Dimenhydrinate
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1st gen H1 blocker
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Chlorpheniramine
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1st gen H1 blocker
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Loratadine
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2nd gen H1 blocker
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Fexofenadine
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2nd gen H1 blocker
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Desloratadine
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2nd gen H1 blocker
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Cetirizine
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2nd gen H1 blocker
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Drugs for Asthma
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Drugs for Asthma
Isoproterenol Albuterol Salmeterol Theophylline Ipratropium Cromolyn Beclomethasone Prednisone Zileuton Zafirlukast Montelukast |
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Isoproterenol
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Asthma
-nonspecific beta agonist -relax bronchiol smooth mm -toxic: tachycardia |
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Albuterol
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Asthma
-beta-2 agonist -relax bronchial smooth mm -use for acute exacerbation |
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Salmeterol
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Asthma
-beta-2 agonist, relax smooth mm -long-acting agent for prophylaxis -adverse effects: tremor, arrhythmia |
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Theophylline
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Asthma
(methylxanthines) -bronchodilation -likely by inhibiting phosphodiesterase -decreases cAMP hydrolysis -narrow therapeutic index - limited usage (cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity) -blocks actions of adenosine |
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Ipratroprium
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Asthma
(muscarinic antagonist) -competitive block of muscarinic receptors -prevent bronchoconstriction -also for COPD |
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Cromolyn
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Asthma
-prevent release of mediators from mast cells -effective only in prophylaxis -toxicity is rare |
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Beclomethasone / Prednisone
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Asthma
(corticosteroids) -inhibit synthesis of virtually all cytokines -inactivate NF-kappaB (transcirption factor that induces TNF-alpha) -1st line therapy for chronic asthma |
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Zileuton
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Asthma
(antileukotriene) -5 lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor -block conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes |
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Zafirlukast, montelukast
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Asthma
(antileukotrienes) -block leukotriene receptors -especially good for aspirin induced asthma |
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Gauifenesin
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Expectorant
-removes excess sputum -does not suppress cough reflex |
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N-acetylcysteine
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Mucolytic (also expectorant?)
-can loosen mucous plugs in CF pts -also used as antidote in acetominophen OD |
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Bosentan
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tx plumonary hypertension
-competitively antagonize endothelin-1 receptors -decrease pulmonary vascular resistance |
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Dextromethorphan
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Antitussive
-antagonize NMDA glutamate receptors -synthetic codeine analog -mild opioid effect when used in excess -naloxone for OD -mild abuse potential |
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Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine
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MOC - sympathomimetic alpha agonistic nonprescription nasal decongestants
Clinical use - reduces hyperemia, edema, & nasal congestion -opens obstructed eustachian tubes -pseudoephedrine also as a stimulant Toxicity - hypertension, CNS timulation/anxiety |
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Methacholine
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muscarinic receptor agonist
asthma challenge testing |
