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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What structure carries the Ovarian vessels?
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The Suspensory ligament of the ovaries.
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What structure carries the Uterine vessels?
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The Transverse cervical (cardinal) ligament.
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What structures are carried in the round ligament of the uterus?
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None.
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What nerve is responsible for Erection in the male? Which division of the autonomic nervous system does this?
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The Parasympathetics of the Pelvic nerve is responsible for this.
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Which nerve is responsible for Emission in the male? Which division of the autonomic system is responsible for this?
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The Sympathetic division of the Hypogastric nerve is responsible for this.
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What nerve(s) are responsible for Ejaculation?
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Visceral and Somatic nerves are responsible for this, but in specific the Pudendal nerve plays a large role.
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Which hormone is responsible for the maintenance of pregnancy?
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Progesterone.
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Which phase is variable in the female menstrual cycle: Follicular (Proliferative) or Secretory (Luteal)?
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The Proliferative phase. The Luteal phase is usually constant at 14 days.
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What is Mittelschmerz associated with ovulation?
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Mittelschmerz is blood from a ruptured follicle that causes peritoneal irritation that can mimic appendicitis.
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What are three conditions associated with pathologic elevation of hCG?
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Hydatidiform moles, choriocarcinoma, and gestational trophoblastic tumors.
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Explain why there are increased levels of FSH in a patient with Kleinfelter's syndrome (XXY).
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In a patient with Kleinfelter's syndrome there is dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules, which leads to decreased production of Inhibin, which leads to the allowance of increased levels of FSH.
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Explain why there are increased levels of Estrogen in a patient with Kleinfelter's syndrome (XXY).
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Abnormal Leydig cell function gives decreased testosterone. This gives increased LH, and thus increased Estrogen.
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Preeclampsia before 20 weeks of gestation during pregnancy suggests what condition?
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A Molar pregnancy.
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What is the main risk factor associated with Endometrial Carcinoma?
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Unopposed Estrogen (estrogen unopposed by progesterone).
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Which gynecological tumors have the most frequency vs. the least frequency: ovarian, endometiral, cervical?
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Endometrial > Ovarian > Cervical
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Which gynecological tumors have the worst prognosis vs. the best prognosis: ovarian, endometrial cervical?
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Ovarian > Cervical > Endometrial
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What are the two most common tissues for malignant breast tumors to arise from?
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Malignant breast tumors typically arise from mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands.
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Over expression of what type of receptors is a common mutation found in breast cancers?
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Overexpression of estrogen/progesterone receptors or erb-B2 (HER-2 an EGF receptor) is common.
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What is the single most important factor affecting prognosis for a woman diagnosed with breast cancer?
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Axillary lymph node involvement.
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Which lobes are most commonly enlarged in BPH?
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The Lateral and Middle lobes.
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What is a key difference between mature teratomas in males and female?
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Unlike in females, a mature teratoma is malignant in males.
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What is the most common testicular cancer in old men?
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Testicular lymphoma is the most common testicular cancer in old men.
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What are the three biggest risk factors for developing Squamous cell carcinoma of the Vulva?
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HPV type 16, Smoking cigarettes, Immunodeficiency.
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Which lymphnode does squamous cell carcinoma of the Vulva first metastasize to?
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The Inguinal lymphnode node.
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What type cancer is Extramammary Paget's disease? Describe its appearance. Is it invasive? What cells is this tumor derived from? What substance do these cells contain?
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Extramammary Paget's disease is an Intraepithelial adenocarcinoma that appears as a red, crusted vulvular lesion. This cancer spreads along the epithelium and rarely invades the dermis. The tumor derives from primitive epithelial progenitor cells and malignant Paget's cells contain mucin.
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Which bacteria adheres to the squamous cells of the vagina to produce "clue cells"?
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Gardinella vaginalis. "Because men don't have a 'clue' about gardening, or vaginas"
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Which STI causes a painful chancroid? Which causes a painless chancroid?
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Hemophilus ducreyi causes a painful chancroid. Syphilis causes a painless chancroid.
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What is the Jarich-Herxheimer reaction associated with Syphilis? Describe the pathophysiology behind why it happens?
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This reaction is an intensification of the rash in primary or secondary syphilis that may occur due to proteins released from dead organisms after Tx with penicillin.
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What kingdom of organisms is Trichomonas vaginalis? What type of vaginal discharge does it produce?
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Protozoan. Trichomonas produces a greenish frothy discharge.
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