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204 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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clinical presentation: abd pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
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Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
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clinical presentation: Achilles tendon xanthoma
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familial hypercholesterolemia
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clinical presentation: adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
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clinical presentation: arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
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Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)
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clinical presentation: back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
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Pott's disease (vertebral tuberculosis)
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clinical presentation: big toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
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Babinski's sign (UMN lesion)
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clinical presentation: bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
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sarcoidosis (non-caseating granulomas)
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clinical presentation: blue sclera
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osteogenesis imperfecta (collagen defect)
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clinical presentation: bluish line on gingiva
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Burton's line (lead poisoning)
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clinical presentation: bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
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Paget's disease of bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
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clinical presentation: cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)
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neurofibromatosis type 1
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clinical presentation: cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), bilateral acoustic neuromas
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neurofibromatosis type 2
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clinical presentation: calf pseudohypertrophy
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muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne's)
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clinical presentation: cherry-red spot on macula
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Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (lysosomal storage disease)
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clinical presentation: chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
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Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis)
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clinical presentation: child uses arms to stand up from squat
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Gower's sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy: X-linked recessive deleted dystrophin gene)
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clinical presentation: child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body
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slapped-cheeks disease: erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19
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clinical presentation: chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
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Huntington's disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)
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clinical presentation: chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps
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McArdle's disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency)
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clinical presentation: cold intolerance
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hypothyroidism
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clinical presentation: conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
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internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF. bilateral = MS, unilateral = stroke)
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clinical presentation: continuous "machinery" heart murmur
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PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol)
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clinical presentation: cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
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myxedema (hypothyroidism, Grave's disease)
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clinical presentation: dark purple skin/mouth nodules
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Kaposi's sarcoma (usually AIDS patients (gay men), HHV-8)
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clinical presentation: deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
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Kussmaul breathing (diabetic ketoacidosis)
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clinical presentation: dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
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Pellagra (niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency)
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clinical presentation: dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
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wet beriberi (thiamine/B1 deficiency)
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clinical presentation: dog or cat bite resulting in infection
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Pasteurella multocida
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clinical presentation: dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
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Sjogren's syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
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clinical presentation: dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
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Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to squamous cell carcinoma)
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clinical presentation: elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
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Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (collagen defect)
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clinical presentation: enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
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Virchow's node (abdominal metastasis)
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clinical presentation: erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
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Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides
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clinical presentation: facial muscle spasm upon tapping
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Chvostek's sign (hypocalcemia)
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clinical presentation: fat, female, forty, and fertile
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acute cholecystitis (bile duct blockage)
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clinical presentation: fever, chills, myalgia following antibiotic tx for syphilis
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Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
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clinical presentation: fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, diffuse rash
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measles (morbillivirus)
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clinical presentation: fever, night sweats, weight loss
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B symptoms (lymphoma)
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clinical presentation: fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
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Peyronie's disease (connective tissue disorder)
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clinical presentation: gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency)
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clinical presentation: green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
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Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson's disease)
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clinical presentation: hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
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Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction and increase cancer risk)
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clinical presentation: hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
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Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
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clinical presentation: hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
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Alport's syndrome (collagen mutation)
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clinical presentation: hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVT's and vasculitis)
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Trousseau's sign (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
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clinical presentation: hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
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Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
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clinical presentation: HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis
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Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)
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clinical presentation: hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
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"blue bloater" (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous glands)
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clinical presentation: indurated, ulcerated genital lesion (non-painful)
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chancre (primary syphilis, Treponema pallidum)
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clinical presentation: infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration
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Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
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clinical presentation: infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly
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Cori's disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)
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clinical presentation: infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, and structural heart defect
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Edward's syndrome (trisomy 18)
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clinical presentation: jaundice, RUQ pain, fever
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Charcot's triad 2 (ascending cholangitis)
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clinical presentation: keratin pearls on a skin lesion
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squamous cell carcinoma
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clinical presentation: large rash with bull's-eye appearance
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erythema chronicum migrans from tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)
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clinical presentation: lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
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epidural hematoma
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clinical presentation: male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
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Bruton's disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
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clinical presentation: mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
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clinical presentation: multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth
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Gardner's syndrome (genetic disorder, predisposes to colon cancer)
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clinical presentation: necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
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Wegener's and Goodpasture's syndromes (hemoptysis and glomerular disease)
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clinical presentation: neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
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Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury; waiter's tip)
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clinical presentation: no lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
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Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
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clinical presentation: nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech
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Charcot's triad 1 (multiple sclerosis)
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clinical presentation: oscillating slow/fast breathing
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or increased intracranial pressure)
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clinical presentation: painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
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cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis)
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clinical presentation: painful pale, cold fingers/toes
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Raynaud's syndrome (vasospasm in extremities)
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clinical presentation: painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles
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Osler's node (infective endocarditis)
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clinical presentation: painless jaundice
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cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
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clinical presentation: palpable purpura, joint pain, abdominal pain (child)
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Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
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clinical presentation: pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
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Wermer's syndrome (MEN 1)
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clinical presentation: pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
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"pink puffer" (emphysema: centroacinar [smoking], panacinar [alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency])
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clinical presentation: polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, short stature in a young girl
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McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
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clinical presentation: polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances
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Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
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clinical presentation: positive anterior drawer sign
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ACL injury
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clinical presentation: ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
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Horner's syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
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clinical presentation: pupil accommodates but doesn't react
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Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
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clinical presentation: rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/upper respiratory infection)
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Guillain-Barre syndrome (autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
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clinical presentation: rash on palms and soles
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secondary syphilis or Rocky Mountain spotted fever
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clinical presentation: recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
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Job's syndrome (hyper-IgE syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
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clinical presentation: red currant jelly sputum
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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clinical presentation: red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
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Paget's disease of the breast (represents underlying neoplasm)
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clinical presentation: red urine in the morning
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paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
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clinical presentation: renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
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von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
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clinical presentation: resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
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Parkinson's disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
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clinical presentation: restrictive cardiomyopathy (juvenile form: cardiomegaly), exercise intolerance
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Pompe's disease (lysosomal glucosidase deficiency)
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clinical presentation: retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
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Roth's spots (bacterial endocarditis)
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clinical presentation: severe jaundice in neonate
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Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
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clinical presentation: severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
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McBurney's sign (appendicitis)
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clinical presentation: short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
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Fanconi's anemia (genetically inherited; often progresses to AML)
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clinical presentation: single palm crease
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Simian crease (Down syndrome)
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clinical presentation: situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis
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Kartagener's syndrome (dynein defect affecting cilia)
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clinical presentation: skin hyperpigmentation
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Addison's disease (primary adrenocortical insufficiency of autoimmune or infectious etiology)
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clinical presentation: slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
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Becker's muscular dystrophy (X-linked, defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's)
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clinical presentation: small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers
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Koplik spots (measles)
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clinical presentation: small, non-tender, erythematous lesions on palms/soles
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Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis)
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clinical presentation: smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genitals
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condylomata lata (secondary syphilis)
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clinical presentation: splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
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bacterial endocarditis
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clinical presentation: strawberry tongue
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scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome
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clinical presentation: streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney
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Turner's syndrome (XO, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema)
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clinical presentation: sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
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gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
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clinical presentation: swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin
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scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
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clinical presentation: swollen, hard, painful finger joints
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osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard's nodes], DIP [Heberden's nodes])
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clinical presentation: systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
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aortic valve stenosis
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clinical presentation: thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal tumors
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MEN 2A (Sipple's syndrome)
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clinical presentation: ulcerated genital lesion with exudate (painful)
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chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
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clinical presentation: unilateral facial drooping
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Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII palsy)
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clinical presentation: urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
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Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27)
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clinical presentation: vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
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hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)
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clinical presentation: vasculitis from exposure to endotoxin causing glomerular thrombosis
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Shwartzman reaction (following second exposure to endotoxin)
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clinical presentation: vomiting blood following esophagogastric lacerations
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholics and eating disorders)
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clinical presentation: "waxy" casts with very low urine flow
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chronic end-stage renal disease
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clinical presentation: WBC casts in urine
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acute pyelonephritis or cystitis
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clinical presentation: weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
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Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whippelii)
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clinical presentation: "worst headache of my life"
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subarachnoid hemorrhage, berry aneurysm (associated with adult polycystic kidney disease)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: anticentromere antibodies
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scleroderma (CREST)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
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pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: anti-glomerular basement membrane findings
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Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and lung hemorrhage)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: antihistone antibodies
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drug-induced SLE
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Lab/diagnostic finding: anti-IgG antibodies
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rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation), joint pannus, boutonniere deformity
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Lab/diagnostic finding: antimitochondrial antibodies
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primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
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vasculitis (Wegener's, microscopic polyangiitis, glomerulonephritis)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
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SLE (Type 3 hypersensitivity)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: antiplatelet antibodies
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idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (bleeding diathesis)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: anti-topoisomerase antibodies
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diffuse systemic scleroderma
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Lab/diagnostic finding: anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin antibodies
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celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
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Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic type)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: bamboo spine on X-ray
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ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
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Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: basophilic stippling of RBCs
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lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
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Lab/diagnostic finding: bloody tap on LP
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subarachnoid hemorrhage
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Lab/diagnostic finding: boot-shaped heart on X-ray
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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Lab/diagnostic finding: branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
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Actinomyces israelii
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Lab/diagnostic finding: bronchogenic apical lung tumor
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Pancoast's tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: "Brown" tumor of bone
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hemorrhage (hemsiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to: hyperparathyroidism, osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease of bone)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
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Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
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rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
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Lab/diagnostic finding: chocolate cysts of ovaries
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endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
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Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
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cystic fibrosis (CFTR mutation in Caucasians resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: degeneration of dorsal column nerves
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Disease/Diagnosis: tabes dorsalis (3o syphilis)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
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Disease/Diagnosis: Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
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Disease/Diagnosis: Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
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Disease/Diagnosis: koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
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Disease/Diagnosis: "owl's eye" appearance of CMV
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Lab/diagnostic finding: enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
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Disease/Diagnosis: "Orphan-Annie eye" nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
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Disease/Diagnosis: Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: eosinophilic globule in liver
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Disease/Diagnosis: Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis; often yellow fever)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
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Disease/Diagnosis: Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
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Disease/Diagnosis: senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
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Disease/diagnosis: Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
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Disease/diagnosis: Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: "hair-on-end" (crew cut) appearance on x-ray
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Disease/diagnosis: beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: hCG elevated
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Disease/diagnosis: choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: heart nodules (inflammatory)
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Disease/diagnosis: Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: heterophile antibodies
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Disease/diagnosis: infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
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Disease/diagnosis: bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: high level of D-dimers
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Disease/diagnosis: DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC
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Lab/diagnostic finding: "honeycomb lung" on x-ray
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Disease/diagnosis: interstitial fibrosis
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Lab/diagnostic finding: hypersegmented neutrophils
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Disease/diagnosis: megaloblastic anemia (B12 or folate deficiency)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: hypochromic, microcytic anemia
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Disease/diagnosis: iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
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Disease/diagnosis: anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: increased uric acid levels
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Disease/diagnosis: gout, Lesch Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics
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Lab/diagnostic finding: intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
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Disease/diagnosis: Cowdry Type A bodies (HSV or yellow fever)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
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Disease/diagnosis: ferruginous bodies (asbestos: increased chance of mesothelioma)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunocompromised
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Disease/diagnosis: Chediak-Higashi disease (failure of phagolysosome formation)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: low serum ceruloplasmin
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Disease/diagnosis: Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: "lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
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Disease/diagnosis: poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
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Lab/diagnostic finding: lytic ("hole-punched") bone lesions on x-ray
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Disease/diagnosis: multiple myeloma
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Lab/diagnostic finding: mammary gland blue-domed cyst
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Disease/diagnosis: fibrocystic change of the breast
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Lab/diagnostic finding:monoclonal antibody spike
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disease/diagnosis:
1. multiple myeloma (called the M protein, usually IgG or IgA...NOT IgM) 2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) 3. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (M protein = IgM) |
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Lab/diagnostic finding: monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
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disease/diagnosis:
1. Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine]) 2. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (M protein = IgM) |
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Lab/diagnostic finding: mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
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disease/diagnosis: signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
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disease/diagnosis: "string sign" (Crohn's disease)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
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disease/diagnosis: gout (hyperuricemia)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
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disease/diagnosis: Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: "nutmeg" appearance of liver
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disease/diagnosis: chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
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Lab/diagnostic finding: "onion-skin" periosteal reaction
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disease/diagnosis: Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
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disease/diagnosis: Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: podocyte fusion on EM
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disease/diagnosis: minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
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Disease/diagnosis: eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
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Disease/diagnosis: neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease and CJD)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement
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Disease/diagnosis: glioblastoma multiforme
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Lab/diagnostic finding: RBC casts in urine
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Disease/diagnosis: acute glomerulonephritis
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Lab/diagnostic finding: rectangular, crystal-like inclusions in Leydig cells
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Disease/diagnosis: Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: renal epithelial casts in urine
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disease/diagnosis: acute toxic/viral nephrosis
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Lab/diagnostic finding: rhomboid crystals, positively berefringent
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disease/diagnosis: pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: rib notching
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disease/diagnosis: coarctation of the aorta
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Lab/diagnostic finding: sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology)
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disease/diagnosis: Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14], c-myc activation, associated with EBV)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
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disease/diagnosis: Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, similar to Alzheimer's)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: small granulomatous lesion in lungs (can calcify)
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disease/diagnosis: ghon focus (primary TB)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: small, round RBC inclusions
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disease/diagnosis: Heinz bodies (G6PD deficiency, alpha-thalassemia, chronic liver disease)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: "soap bubble" on x-ray
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disease/diagnosis: giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: "spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" endothelial deposits
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disease/diagnosis: membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: stacks of red blood cells
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disease/diagnosis: rouleaux formation (high ESR: multiple myeloma)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: stippled vaginal epithelial cells
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disease/diagnosis: clue cells (Gardnerella vaginalis)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: "tennis-racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
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disease/diagnosis: Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: thrombi made of white/red layers
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disease/diagnosis: lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: "thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
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disease/diagnosis: epiglottitis (H. influenzae)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: thyroid like appearance of kidney
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disease/diagnosis: chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
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Lab/diagnostic finding: tram-track appearance on LM
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disease/diagnosis: membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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Lab/diagnostic finding: triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
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disease/diagnosis: fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: WBCs that looked smudged
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disease/diagnosis: CLL (almost always B cells, affects the elderly)
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Lab/diagnostic finding: "wire loop" glomerular appearance on LM
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disease/diagnosis: lupus nephropathy
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Lab/diagnostic finding: yellow CSF
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disease/diagnosis: xanthochromia (subarachnoid hemorrhage)
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