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139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Actinic (solar keratosis) |
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
(TX = 5-FU) |
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Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
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Cushing's ulcer (incr ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
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Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
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Curling's ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
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Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
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Skip lesions (Crohn's disease)
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Aneurysm, dissecting
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Hypertension |
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Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
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Atherosclerosis |
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Aortic aneurysm, ascending
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Marfan's syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration), 3⁰ syphilis
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Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
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Wernicke's encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)
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Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
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Sickle cell anemia (HbS)
Nb. susceptible to encapsulated bugs |
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Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
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H. pylori
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Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly) |
Streptococcus pneumoniae
replaced "Neisseria meningitidis" |
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Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
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Group B streptococcus, E. coli, Listeria (newborns); S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)
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Benign melanocytic nevus
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Spitz nevus (most common in first two decades)
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Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
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Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand's factor)
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Brain tumor (adults)
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Supratentorial: mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
Nb. "MGM Studios" - mnemonic |
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Brain tumor (kids)
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Infratentorial: Astrocytoma, medulloblastoma (cerebellum), ependymoma, or
supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum) |
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Breast cancer
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Infiltrating (invasive) ductal carcinoma (in the United States, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)
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Breast mass
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1. Fibrocystic change
2. Carcinoma (in postmenopausal women) |
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Breast tumor (benign)
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Fibroadenoma
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Cardiac 1⁰ tumor (kids)
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Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
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Cardiac manifestation of lupus
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Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
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Cardiac tumor (adults)
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1. Metastasis
2. 1⁰ myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; "ball and valve") |
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Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
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Arnold-Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomelia)
Nb. Type 1 is mostly asymptomatic; Type 2 has these Sx. |
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Chronic arrhythmia |
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
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Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
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Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
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Bacteremia/pneumonia in IV drug user
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S. aureus
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Microbe in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia patients
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Klebsiella
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Cardiomyopathy
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Dilated cardiomyopathy (40% are familial)
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Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
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DES exposure in utero
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Compression fracture
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Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
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21-hydroxylase deficiency
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Congenital cardiac anomaly
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VSD
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Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
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Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
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Constrictive pericarditis
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Tuberculosis (developing world); systemic lupus erythematosus (developed world)
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Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
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LAD > RCA > LCA
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Cretinism
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Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
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Cushing's syndrome
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1. Corticosteroid therapy
2. Excess ACTH secretion by pituitary (aka "Cushing's disease") 3. Small cell lung carcinoma |
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Cyanosis (early; less common)
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Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
Nb. these all start with "T" |
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Cyanosis (late; more common)
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VSD, ASD, PDA
Nb. these will cause Eisenmeiger's syndrome |
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Death in CML
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Blast crisis
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Death in SLE
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Lupus nephropathy
Nb. has anti-dsDNA Ab |
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Dementia
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1. Alzheimer's disease
2. Multiple infarcts |
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Demyelinating disease in young women
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Multiple sclerosis
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DIC
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gram-negative Sepsis, Trauma, Obstetric complications, Pancreatitis, Malignancy (cancer), Nephrotic syndrome, Transfusions
Nb. "STOP Making New Thrombi" = mnemonic |
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Dietary deficit
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Iron
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Diverticulum in pharynx
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Zenker's diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
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Ejection click
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Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
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Esophageal cancer
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Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (U.S.)
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Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
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S. aureus, B. cereus
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Glomerulonephritis (adults)
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Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
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Gynecologic malignancy
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Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
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Heart murmur, congenital
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MItral valve prolapse
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Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
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MItral (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse), aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever)
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Helminth infection (U.S.)
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1. Enterobius vermicularis
2. Ascaris lumbricoides |
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Hematoma - epidural
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Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
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Hematoma - subdural
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Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
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Most common gene involved in cancer
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P53 (tumor suppressor)
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Hemochromatosis
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Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and incr risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
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Hepatocellular carcinoma
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Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C)
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Hereditary bleeding disorder
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von Willebrand's disease
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Hereditary harmless jaundice
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Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
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HLA-B27
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Psoriatic arthritis (psoriasis), Ankylosing spondylitis, IBD (ulcerative colitis), Reiter's syndrome
Nb. "PAIR" - mnemonic |
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HLA-DR3 or -DR4
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Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
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Holosystolic murmur
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VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
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Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
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Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)
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Hypertension, 2⁰
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Renal disease
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Hypoparathyroidism
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Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
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Hypopituitarism
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Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
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Infection 2⁰ to blood transfusion
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Hepatitis C
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Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
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Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive)
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Kidney stones
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1. Calcium = radiopaque
2. Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus) 3. Uric acid = radiolucent |
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Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L --> R becomes R --> L)
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Eisenmeiger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
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Liver disease
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Alcoholic cirrhosis
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Lysosomal storage disease
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Gaucher's disease
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Male cancer
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Prostatic carcinoma
TX = Flutamide (AR-antag.) |
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Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
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Hodgkin's lymphoma
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Malignant skin tumor
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Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)
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Mental retardation
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1. Fetal alcohol syndrome
2. Down syndrome 3. Fragile X syndrome Nb. this is all-cause prevalence; 2 and 3 are top genetic causes. |
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Metastases to bone
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Prostate, Thyroid, Testes, Breast, Lung, Kidney
"PTT Barnum Loves Kides" = mnemonic |
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Metastases to brain
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Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI
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Metastases to liver
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Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinomas
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Mitochondrial inheritance
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Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
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Mitral valve stenosis
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Rheumatic heart disease
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Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
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ALS
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Myocarditis
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Coxsackie B, Echovirus
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Neoplasm (kids)
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1. ALL
2. Cerebellar medulloblastoma |
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Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
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Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
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Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
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Minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids)
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Neuron migration failure
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Kallmann syndrome
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Nosocomial pneumonia
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Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Obstruction of male urinary tract
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BPH
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Opening snap
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Mitral stenosis
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Opportunistic infection in AIDS
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Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly carinii) pneumonia
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Osteomyelitis
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S. aureus
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Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
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Salmonella
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Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
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Pseudomonas, S. aureus
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Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
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Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
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Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
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Serous cystadenoma
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Ovarian tumor (malignant)
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Serous cystadenocarcinoma
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Pancreatitis (acute)
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Gallstones, alcohol
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Pancreatitis (chronic)
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Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
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Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
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ALL: child, CLL: adult >60, AML: adult ~60, CML: adult 30-60
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Pelvic inflammatory disease
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)
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Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22)(bcr-abl)
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CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
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Pituitary tumor
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1. Prolactinoma
2. Somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma |
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Primary amenorrhea
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Turner syndrome (45XO)
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Primary bone tumor (adults)
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Multiple myeloma
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Primary hyperaldosteronism
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Adenoma of adrenal cortex
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Primary hyperparathyroidism
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1. Adenomas
2. Hyperplasia 3. Carcinoma |
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Primary liver cancer
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, α-1 antitrypsin)
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Pulmonary hypertension
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COPD
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Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
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Buerger's disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
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Renal tumor
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Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and adult polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
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Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
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Cor pulmonale
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S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
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incr ventricular filling (L --> R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
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S4 (presystolic gallop)
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Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
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Secondary hyperparathyroidism
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Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
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Sexually transmitted disease
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Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
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SIADH
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Small cell carcinoma of the lung
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Site of diverticula
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Sigmoid colon
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Sites of atherosclerosis
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Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal >carotid
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Stomach cancer
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Adenocarcinoma
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Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
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Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
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t(14;18)
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Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
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t(8;14)
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Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
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t(9;22)
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Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
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Temporal arteritis
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Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of opthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
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Testicular tumor
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Seminoma
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Thyroid cancer
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Papillary carcinoma
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Tumor in women
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Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
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Tumor of infancy
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Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
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Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
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Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
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Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
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Neuroblastoma (malignant)
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Type of Hodgkin's
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Diffuse large cell
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UTI
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E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
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Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
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HSV-1
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Vitamin deficiency (U.S.)
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Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
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t(11;22)
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Ewing's sarcoma
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Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid |
Orphan Annie nuclei, psammoma bodies, nuclear grooves
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