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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
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Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
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Achilles tendon xanthoma
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Familial hypercholesterolemia (decr LDL receptor signaling)
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Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
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Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
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Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)
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Athlete with polycythemia
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Erythropoietin injection
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Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
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Pott's disease (vertebral tuberculosis)
NB. these Sx w/o back pain are "B symptoms" -- could be Tb or leukemia/lymphomas. |
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Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
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Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
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Blue sclera
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Osteogenesis imperfecta (type 1 collagen defect)
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Bluish line on gingiva
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Burton's line (lead poisoning)
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Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis (higher yield = bone pain, incr hat size, fractures)
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Paget's disease of bone (incr osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
NB. Alk phos labs will incr. |
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Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing
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Aortic regurgitation
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"Butterfly" facial rash and Raynaud's phenomenon in a young female
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Systemic lupus erythematosus
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Café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)
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Neurofibromatosis type I (+ pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas)
Neurofibromatosis type II (+ bilateral acoustic neuromas) |
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Café-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty
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McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
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Calf pseudohypertrophy
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Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne's): X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene
NB. Becker's is a less severe form. |
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"Cherry-red spot" on macula
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1) Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or,
2) NIemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation) or, 3) central retinal artery occlusion |
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Chest pain on exertion
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Angina (stable: moderate exertion; unstable: minimal exertion)
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Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
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Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)
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Child uses arm to stand up from squat
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Gower's sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)
NB. has no proximal m. strength. |
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Child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body
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"Slapped cheeks" (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)
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Chorea, dementia (Crazy), caudate degeneration
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Huntington's disease (autosomal-dominant CAG repeat expansion = anticipation)
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Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria
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McArdle's disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
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Cold intolerance
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Hypothyroidism
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Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
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Internuclear opthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke])
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Continuous "machinery" heart murmur
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PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol)
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Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
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Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves' disease [periorbita])
NB. this is deposition of glycosaminoglycans |
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Dark purple skin/mouth nodules
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Kaposi's sarcoma (usually AIDS patients [gay men]: associated with HHV-8)
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Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
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Kussmaul breathing (diabetic ketoacidosis)
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Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, (death)
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Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
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Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency)
NB. dry beriberi has just Sx polyneuropathy. |
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Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
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Pasteurella multicoda (cellulitis at inoculation site)
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Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
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Sjögren's syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
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Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
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Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
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Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
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Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect)
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Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
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Virchow's node (abdominal metastasis)
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Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
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Sézary syndrome (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides
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Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
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Chvostek's sign (hypocalcemia)
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Fat, female, forty, and fertile
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Acute cholelithiasis (bile duct blockage)
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Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis
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Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
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Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
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Measles (Morbillivirus)
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Fever, night sweats, weight loss
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B symptoms (lymphoma), Tb
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Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
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Peyronie's disease (connective tissue disorder)
NB. usually on dorsal penis. |
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Gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)
NB. purine salvage is screwed up. |
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Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
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Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson's diseaes)
NB. copper oxidizes to green color. |
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Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
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Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; incr cancer risk)
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Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
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Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
NB. have "crinked tissue paper cytoplasm" cells. |
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Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
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Alport syndrome (mutation in α chain of collagen IV)
NB. "can't see, can't pee, can't hear" |
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Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
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Trousseau's sign (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
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Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
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Klüver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
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Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, positive Babinski sign
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UMN damage
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Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
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Conn's syndrome
NB. Hyperaldosteronism, usually adrenal adenoma. |
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Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy
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LMN damage
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Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
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"Blue bloater" (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)
NB. Reid Index is incr. |
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Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
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Nonpainful: chancre (1⁰ syphilis, Treponema pallidum).
Painful, with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi) |
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Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration
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Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
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Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly
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Cori's disease (debranching enzyme deficiency), Von Gierke's disease
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Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect
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Edwards' syndrome (trisomy 18)
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Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Large rash with bull's-eye appearance
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Erythema chronicum migran from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)
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Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
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Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)
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Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
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Bruton's disease (X-linked agammagloculinemia)
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Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
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Glanmann's thromasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)
Nb. these are actually just Sx/Sx of a primary disorder of hemostasis, don't know why FA is so specific |
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Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teetch
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Gardner's syndrome (subtype of FAP)
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Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance
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Pompe's disease (lysosomal α-1,4-glucosidase deficiency)
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Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
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Wegener's (c-ANCA positive) AND Goodpasture's syndromes (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
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Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
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Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury: "waiter's tip")
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Jaundice, RUQ pain, fever
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Charcot's triad (ascending cholangitis)
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No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
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Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
Nb. 2/2 pospartum hemorrhage |
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Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear opthalmoplegia
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Multiple sclerosis
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Oscillating slow/fast breathing
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or incr intracranial pressure)
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Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
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Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis)
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Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes
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Raynaud's syndrome (vasospasm in extremities)
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Painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles
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Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis)
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Painless jaundice
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Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
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Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria
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Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
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Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
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MEN 1 (autosomal dominant)
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Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
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"Pink puffer" (emphysema: centroacinar [smoking], panacinar [α1-antitrypsin deficiency])
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Polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances
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Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
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Positive anterior "drawer sign"
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Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury
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Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
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Horner's syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
Nb. usually a Pancost tumor (apical lung) |
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Pupil accomodates but doesn't react
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Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
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Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/upper respiratory infection)
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Guillain-Barré syndrome (autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
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Rash on palms and soles
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Coxsackie A (Hand-Foot-and Mouth disease), 2⁰ syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
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Recurrent colds, unusual eczema (truncal distribution), high serum IgE
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Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job's syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
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Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
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Paget's disease of the breast (represents underlying neoplasm)
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Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs
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Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Nb. RBCs lack CD55/59 --> complement thus attacks and lyses them |
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Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
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von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
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Resting tremor ("pill-rolling"), rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
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Parkinson's disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
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Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
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Roth's spots (bacterial endocarditis)
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Severe jaundice in neonate
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Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
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Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
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McBurney's sign (appendicitis)
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Short stature, incr incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
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Fanconi's anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML)
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Single palm crease
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Simian crease (Down syndrome)
AKA Transverse palmar crease = more PC |
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Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
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Kartagener's syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
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Skin hyperpigmentation
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Addison's disease (1⁰ adrenocortical insufficiency causes incr ACTH and α-MSH production)
Nb. usually autoimmune cause |
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Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
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Becker's muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's)
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Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers
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Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus)
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Smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genitals
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Condylomata lata (2⁰ syphilis)
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Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
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Bacterial endocarditis
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"Strawberry tongue"
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Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome
Nb. also occurs in Yellow fever (maybe low yield?? I remember this from class very clearly <_<) |
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Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth
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Turner syndrome (45XO, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema)
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Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
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Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
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Swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin
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Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
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Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
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Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard's nodes], DIP [Heberden's nodes])
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Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
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Aortic valve stenosis
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Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
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MEN 2A (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
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Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis
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MEN 2B (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
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Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
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Babinski sign (UMN lesion)
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Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
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Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII palsy)
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Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
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Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27
Nb. "can't pee, can't see, cant comb hair" |
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Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
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Hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)
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Vomiting blood following esophagogastric lacerations
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)
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"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow
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Chronic end-stage renal disease
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WBC casts in urine
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Acute pyelonephritis
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Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
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Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whippelii)
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"Worst headache of my life"
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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Vasculitis from exposure to endotoxin causing glomerular thrombosis
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Shwartzman reaction (following second exposure to endotoxin).
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