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103 Cards in this Set
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Anticentromere antibodies
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Scleroderma (CREST)
Nb. this is limited, with "Calcinosis, Raynaud's, Eso dys., Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasias" |
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Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
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Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
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Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
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Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
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Antihistone antibodies
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Drug-induced SLE (Sulfonamides, Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Phenytoin, Procainamide = "SHIPP")
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Anti-IgG antibodies
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Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonnière deformity)
Nb. aka "Rheumatoid factor" |
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Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
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1⁰ biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
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Vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegener's; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis)
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Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
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SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
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Antiplatelet antibodies
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Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
Nb. TX = Splenectomy |
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Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
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Diffuse systemic scleroderma
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Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
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Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
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"Apple core" lesion on abdominal x-ray
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Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
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Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
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Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)
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Bacitracin response
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Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)
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"Bamboo spine" on x-ray
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Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
Nb. often causes sacroiliitis |
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Basophilic stippling of RBCs
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Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
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Bloody tap on LP
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Nb. common cause - ruptured berry aneurysm, AV malformation |
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"Boot-shaped" heart on x-ray
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Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
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Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
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Actinomyces israelii
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Bronchogenic apical lung tumor
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Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)
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"Brown" tumor of bone
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Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to:
1. Hyperparathyroidism 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica |
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Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
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Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
Nb. T. cruzi also a/w megacolon, megaesophagus |
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Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
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Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
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"Chocolate cyst" of ovary
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Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
Nb. also involves peritoneum |
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Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
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Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma)
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Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
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Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
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Decreased α-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
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Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
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Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
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Tabes dorsalis (3⁰ syphilis)
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Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
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Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
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Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
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Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
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Colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs
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Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
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Decreased α-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
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Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
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Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
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Tabes dorsalis (3⁰ syphilis)
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Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
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Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
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Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
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Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
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Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
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Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
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Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
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Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
Nb. "perinuclear cytoplasmic clearing" |
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Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
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"Owl's-eye" appearance of CMV
Nb. aka "Cowdry type A inclusions" |
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Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
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"Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
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Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
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Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
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Eosinophilic globule in liver
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Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
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Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
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Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
Nb. aka "Negri bodies" |
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Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
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Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
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Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
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Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
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Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
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Schiller-Duval bodes (yolk sac tumor)
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"Hair-on-end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray
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β-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
Nb. extramedullary hematopoeisis |
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hCG elevated
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Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
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Heart nodules (granulomatous)
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Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
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Heterophile antibodies
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Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
Nb. CMV mono is heterophile negative |
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Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
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Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
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High level of D-dimers
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DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC, Budd-Chiari syndrome
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Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
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Ghon complex (1⁰ TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
Nb. this is hilar LAD + Ghon focus = Ghon complex |
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"Honeycomb lung" on x-ray
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Interstitial fibrosis
Nb. atypicals (Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydiae) |
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Hypersegmented neutrophils
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Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
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Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
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Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present), anemia of chronic disease (can be normocytic)
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Increased α-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
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Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
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Increased uric acid levels
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Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics, myeloproliferative disorders
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Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
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Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
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Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
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Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: incr chance of mesothelioma and bronchogenic carcinoma)
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Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
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Chédiak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
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"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on x-ray
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Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
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Linear appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
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Goodpasture's syndrome
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Low serum ceruloplasmin
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Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
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"Lumpy-bumpy"appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
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Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
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Lytic ("hole-punched") bone lesions on x-ray
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Multiple myeloma
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Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst
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Fibrocystic change of the breast
Nb. benign |
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Monoclonal antibody spike
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1. Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA)
2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging) 3. Waldenström's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia 4. Primary amyloidosis |
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Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
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Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine]), Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
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Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
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Signet ring (gastric carcinoma), Lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast
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Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
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"String sign" (Crohn's disease)
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Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
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Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
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Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
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Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
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Novobiocin response
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Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis;
Resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
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"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
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Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
(or Budd-Chiari syndrome) |
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"Onion-skin" periosteal reaction
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Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
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Optochin response
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Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae;
Resistant: Viridans streptococcus |
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Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
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Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
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Podocyte fusion on EM
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Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
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Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
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Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
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Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
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Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease and CJD)
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Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
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Glioblastoma multiforme
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RBC casts in urine
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Acute glomerulonephritis
Nb. WBC casts = acute pyelonephritis |
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Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
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Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
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Renal epithelial casts in urine
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Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
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Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
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Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)
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Rib notching
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Coarctation of the aorta
Nb. from collateral blood supply |
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Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
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Toxoplasma gondii
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Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology)
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Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)
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Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
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Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
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"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
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Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
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"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
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Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
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Stacks of red blood cells
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Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
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Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
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"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
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"Tennis-racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
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Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
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Thrombi made of white/red layers
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Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
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"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
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Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
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Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
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Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
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"Tram-track" appearance on LM
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Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
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Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
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WBCs that look "smudged"
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CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly)
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"Wire loop" glomerular appearance on LM
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Lupus nephropathy
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Yellow CSF
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Xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)
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