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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What effect does a competitive inhibitor have on Km?
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It increases Km, thus decreasing its potency.
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What effect does a noncompetitive inhibitor have on Vmax?
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It decreases Vmax and decreases its efficacy.
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In patients with impaired renal or hepatic function, does the loading dose need to be altered?
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No, the maintenance dose should be decreased, but the loading does should stay the same.
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What is Zero-order elimination?
What drugs follow this? |
Elimination of a substance regardless of its concentration. (Constant amount of drug eliminated per unit time).
Phenytoin Ethanol Aspirin |
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What is First-order elimination?
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Rate of elimination is proportional to the drug concentration. (Constant fraction)
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What phase of metabolism is lost first in geriatric patients?
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Phase I
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What phase of metabolism involved cytochrome P450 enzymes?
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Phase I
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What phase involves acetylation, glucoronidation, sulfation and is often renally exrcreted?
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Phase II
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What phase involves reduction, oxidation, and hydrolysis and may still render the drug active?
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Phase I
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Which of the two ACh receptors are GPCRs that act through 2nd messengers.
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Muscarinics (M1-M5)
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What is the MOA of botulinum?
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Inhibits presynaptic ACh release. (floopy baby)
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What is the MOA of hemicholinium?
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Inhibits the reuptake of choline into the presynaptic cell.
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How does vesamicol work?
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Inhibit transport of ACh into vesicles.
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What is the MOA of cocaine, TCA's and amphetamine?
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Blocks reuptake of NE.
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How does metyrosine work?
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Inhibits the production of DOPA from tyrosine.
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How does reserpine work?
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Block NE transport into vesicles.
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What is the MOA of guanethidine?
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Block NE release.
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What indirect cholinergic agonist is given to reverse neuromuscular junction blockade postoperatively?
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Neostigmine
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Which drug is used for diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis?
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Edrophonium (tensilon test)
Very short acting |
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What drug is given for atropine overdose?
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Physostigmine
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What are the symptoms of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning?
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DUMBBELSS
Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bronchospasm Bradycardia Excitation of skeletal muscle Lacrimation Sweating Salivation (You basically leak all over) |
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How do you fix cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning?
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Atropine and pralidoxime
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Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist. What is the pnemonic for its side effects?
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Block DUMBBELSS
"Hot as a hare, dry as a bone, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter, red as a beet, bloated as a toad" |
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Which drug is a nicotinic antagonist?
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Hexamethonium.
(Put a HEX on smokers to help them quit!) |
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What drug is given for anaphylaxis?
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Epi
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What drug is given for shock?
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Dopamine (increase renal perfusion)
Dobutamine |
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What drug is given for AV block?
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Isoproterenol
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What is Ritodrine for and how does is work?
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Ritodrine is used to decrease uterine contractions and works on beta-2 receptors.
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What are the two centrally acting alpha-2-agonists? Hint: decrease central adrenergic outflow
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Clonidine, methyldopa
(used for hypertension) |
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What two drugs are given for pheochromocytoma?
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Phentolamine
Phenoxybenzamine (irreversible) |
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What are the alpha-1 selective blockers?
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The -azosins
Prazosin Terazosin Doxazosin |
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What is the alpha-2 selective blocker called that is also used for depression?
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Mirtazepine.
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Why is it important to use beta-blockers with caution in diabetics?
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Because they could mask hypoglycemia since they would show similar effects.
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What are the nonselective beta-blockers?
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propanolol
timolol nadolol pindolol labetolol |
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What are the beta-1 selective blockers?
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acebutolol
betaxolol esmolol atenolol metoprolol A BEAM of beta-1 blockers |
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What is a partial beta-agonist?
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pindolol
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