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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What hypothalamic nuclei makes ADH?
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Supraoptic Nucleus
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What hypothalamic nuclei makes oxytocin?
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Paraventricular Nucleus
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What does the lateral area of the hypothalamus regulate?
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Hunger
Lesion= anorexia |
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What does the ventromedial area of the hypothalamus regulate?
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Satiety
Destruction (craniopharyngioma)= hyperphagia |
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What is the anterior hypothalamus responsible for?
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Cooling (Parasympathetics)
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What is the posterior hypothalamus responsible for?
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Heating (Sympathetics)
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What hypothalamic nuclei is responsible for sexual urges? Circadian rhythms?
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Septal nucleus
Suprachiasmatic nucleus |
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VPL
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Body sensation
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VPM
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Face sensation
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VA/VL
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Motor
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What are the input nerves of the cerebellum called?
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Climbing and Mossy fibers
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What are the output nerves of the cerebellum called?
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Purkinje Fibers
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What is the area that is affected if the consequence is:
Disinhibition, defecits in concentration and judgement |
Frontal lobe
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What is the area that is affected if the consequence is:
Spatial neglect syndrome (agnosia of the contralateral side of the world) |
Right parietal lobe
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What is the area that is affected if the consequence is:
Reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness |
Reticular Activation System (RAS)
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What is the area that is affected if the consequence is:
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Wernicke-confusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia Korsakoff-memory loss, confabulation, personality changes |
Mamillary bodies
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What is the area that is affected if the consequence is:
May result in tremor at rest, chorea, athetosis |
Basal ganglia
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What is the area that is affected if the consequence is:
Intention tremor, limb ataxia |
Cerebellar hemisphere
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What is the area that is affected if the consequence is:
Contralateral hemiballismus |
Subthalamic nuclei
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What is the area that is affected if the consequence is:
Anterograde amnesia (inability to form new memories) |
Hippocampus
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What is the area that is affected if the consequence is:
Eyes look away from side of lesion |
PPRF
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What is the area that is affected if the consequence is:
Eyes look toward lesion |
Frontal eye fields
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In the circle of willis, what is the common site for aneurysms?
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Anterior communicating artery is most common.
Posterior communication artery aneurysms are also common and can cause CN III palsy. |
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What is a reason for a communicating hydrocephalus?
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Post-meningitis scarring of the arachnoid. (Decreased CSF absorption)
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What is the underlying problem in a non-communicating, or obstructive hydrocephalus?
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Stenosis or blockage of the aqueduct of Sylvius.
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What is the clinical triad for normal pressure hydrocephalus?
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Ataxia, dementia, urinary incontinence
Wet, Wacky, Wobbly |
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In adults, at what level does the spinal cord extend to?
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L1-L2
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Which motor neurons are damaged by Polio virus?
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LMNs
It attacks the anterior horns |
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Why do you lose propioception is ALS?
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You don't.
LMN and UMN signs though. |
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What causes the triad of symptoms in Horner's syndrome?
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The triad is ptosis, anhydrosis, miosis.
Horner's is caused by loss of cervical sympathetics. |
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What do Golgi tendon organs do?
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They monitor muscle Tension and prevent tendon tears.
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What do muscle spindles do?
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Monitor muscle length.
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What cranial nerves pass through the cavernous sinus?
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CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI and postganglionic sympathetics.
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What are the 4 muscles of mastication and which are the muscles that close the jaw?
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Masseter
Medial pterygoid Temporalis Lateral pterygoid All except the lateral pterygoids close the jaw. |
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Which type of dementia is associated with a defect in alpha-synuclein.
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Lewy body dementia
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Which type of dementia is characterized by rapidly progressive dementia with myoclonus?
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Creutzfeld-Jakob disease
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What is Charcot's triad of multiple sclerosis?
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Scanning speech
Internuclear opthalmoplegia, Intention tremor, Incontinence Nystagmus |
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Which disease is associated with automimmune attack of peripheral myelin due to molecular mimicry such as Campylobacter jejuni?
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Guillain-Barre
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What do you treat absence seizures with?
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Ethosuximide
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What are the top three most common brain tumors in adults? In children?
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Adults- GBM, Meningioma, Schwannoma.
Children- Pilocytic Astrocytoma, Medulloblastoma, Ependymoma |
