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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What bacterial structure protects against osmotic damage?
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Peptidoglycan
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What do techoic acid (in gram positives) and Lipid A (in gram negatives) induce?
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TNF-alpha and IL-1
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Where at beta-lactamases found in bacteria?
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They are found in the periplasm of gram negatives.
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What structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis?
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Capsule
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What bacterial structure contains a variety of genes for antibiotic resistance, enzymes, and toxins?
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Plasmids
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What bacteria contain no cell wall?
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Mycoplasma.
Contains sterols |
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Which bacteria contains mycolic acid in their cell walls?
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Mycobacteria
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What bugs do not gram stain well?
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Treponema
Rickettsia Mycobacteria Mycoplasma Legionella Chlamydia These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color |
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What bug requires chocolate agar with factors V(NAD+) and X(hematin)?
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H. influenza
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What bug requires Lowenstein-Jensen agar?
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Mycobacterium TB
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What is MacConkey's agar used for?
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They are used for lactose-fermenting enterics.
Fermentation produces acid, which turns the plate pink. |
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What is grown on Sabouraud's agar?
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Fungi
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What bugs are obligate aerobes?
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Nocardia
Pseudomonas A. Mycobacteria Bacillus Nagging Pests Must Breathe |
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What bugs are obligate anaerobes?
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Clostridia
Bacteroides Actinomyces Can't Breathe Air |
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What bugs are obligate intracellulars?
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Rickettsia
Chlamydia These bugs have to go in because is Really Cold. |
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Which bugs are encapsulated?
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Klebsiella pneumo
Salmonella Strep. pneumo H. Influenza Neisseria Kapsules Shield SHiN |
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What bugs are urease-positive?
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Ureaplasma
Proteus Klebsiella H. pylori |
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What bug uses Protein A and what does Protein A do?
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Staph. a
Binds Fc region and prevent opsonization and phagocytosis |
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What superantigens are associated with Staph. a?
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TSST-1 superantigen- toxic shock syndrome
Exfoliatin- scalded skin syndrome Enterotoxins |
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What superantigens are associated with Strep. pyogenes?
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Scarlet fever-erythrogenic toxin causes toxic shock-like syndrome.
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What does the Corynebacterium diptheriae do?
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Inactivate elongation factor (E2F); causes pharyngitis and "pseudomembranes" in throat.
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How does the Vibrio toxin work?
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Activates Gs which activates adenylyl cyclase which increases Cl- pumping out of the cell (with Na+). Causes rice water diarrhea.
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This toxin causes floppy babies?
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C. botulinum
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How does the tetanus toxin work?
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Blocks release of GABA, causes lockjaw.
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What is the only gram positive bacterium with an endotoxin?
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Listeria monocytogenes
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In what phase of the bacterial growth curve are spores formed?
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Stationary phase.
Nutrient depletion slows growth. |
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What test is used to determine if a bug has a capsule?
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Quellung test. The cell SWELLS
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Explain the mechanism of resistance in MRSA.
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Resistance to beta-lactams is due to altered penicillin-binding proteins.
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Which bug infects prostetic devices and iv catheters?
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Staph Epidermitis (subacute endocarditis)
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What gram positive bug is responsible for dental caries?
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Viridans group streptococcus
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What causes pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis in babies?
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Group B strep
Strep Agalactiae |
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What bug causes pharyngitis, cellulitis, and impetigo?
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Strep pyogenes (Group A strep)
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Strep bovis seems to be associated with what malignancy?
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Colon cancer
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Which bug produces an alpha toxin (lecithinase) that can cause gas gangrene and hemolysis?
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C. perfringens
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What bug infects skin and superficial nerves? Hint: acid fast
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Mycobacterium leprae causes Hansen's disease.
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What bugs are resistant to penicillin G?
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Gram negative bugs. Vanco as well.
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What bug is known for causing Epiglottitis?
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Haemophilus influenzae.
Also causes, meningitis, otitis media, and pneumonia. |
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What bug causes Pontiac fever?
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Legionella
Rx:erythromycin |
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Treatment of Pseudomonas?
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Aminoglycoside + ticarcillin or piperacillin
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What bug causes pneumonia in alcohols and diabetics when aspirated? Hint: red currant jelly
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Klebsiella
Also causes nosocomial UTIs |
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Symptoms of which enterobacteria may be prolonged with antibiotic treatment?
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Salmonella
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What question-marked shaped bacteria is associated with water contaminated with animal urine?
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Leptospira
(causes jaundice, photophobia, conjunctivitis) |
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Lyme disease presentations.
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Bell's palsy
Arthritis Kardiac block Erythema migrans BAKE a key Lyme pie. |
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What bug and disease is associated with bacillary angiomatosis in immunocompromised patients (often confused with Kaposi's)?
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Bartonella causes Cat Scratch fever.
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What causes undulant fevers?
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Brucella (unpasteurized dairy)
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Which bug, transmitted from pet feces (puppies) often mimics Crohn's or appendicitis?
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Yersinia enterolitica
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What bug causes cellulitis from cat or dog bites/scratches?
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Pasteurella multocida
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Gray vaginal discharge
Fishy smell Clue cells |
Gardneralla vaginalis
"I don't have a Clue why I smell Fish in the Vagina Garden" |
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What is the classic triad for Rickettsial infections?
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Headache
Fever Rash |
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What Rickettsial bug is atypical and transmitted by aerosol, and causes pneumonia?
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Coxiella
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What antigens are use in the testing for Rickettsia in the Weil-Felix reaction.
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Proteus antigens.
Remember Coxiella is negative. |
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What bugs or viruses cause rashes on soles and palms?
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Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
Syphillis Coxsackie A (hand,foot mouth) |
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What Chlamydial serotypes cause blindness in Africa?
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ABC
Africa/Blindness/Chronic infection |
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What bug is the classic cause of atypical "walking" pneumonia?
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
(frequent outbreaks in military and prisons) |
