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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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92. Hallucinogenic drugs of abuse:
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1. Psilocybin (mushrooms)
2. Mescaline (peyote cactus) 3. LSD |
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93. What system is LSD believed to act on?
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a. Serotonergic system.
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94. Do hallucinogens cause physical dependence of withdrawal?
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a. No. though users can rarely develop psychological dependence.
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95. Effect of intoxication w/hallucinogens?
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a. Perceptual changes (illusions, hallucinations, body image distortions, synesthesia)
b. Labile affect c. Dilated pupils d. Tachycardia e. HTN, Hyperthermia f. Tremors g. Incoordination h. Sweating i. Palpitations |
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96. Tx of Hallucinogen intoxication?
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a. Monitor for dangerous behaviour and reassure pt.
b. Use BZDs or antipsychotics if necessary for agitated psychosis. |
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97. Is there withdrawal w/hallucinogens?
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a. No withdrawal syndrome, but w/long-term LSD use, pts may experience “flashbacks” later in life.
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98. Is withdrawal from opioids life threatening?
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a. No, despite severe sx.
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99. What do Cannabinoid receptors in the brain activate or inhibit?
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a. They inhibit adenylate cyclase.
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100. Clinical use of marijuana?
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a. Marijuana has been shown to successfully tx nausea in chemotherapy pts, ↑ appetite in AIDS pts, and ↓ intraocular pressure, muscle spasms, and tremor.
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101. Sx of Marijuana intoxication?
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a. Euphoria, anxiety, impaired motor coordination
b. perceptual disturbances (sensation of slowed time) c. Mild tachycardia d. Conjunctival injection (red eyes)!!! e. Dry mouth f. ↑ appetite |
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102. Cannabis-induced psychotic disorders?
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a. Paranoia, hallucinations, and/or delusions.
b. There is no overdose syndrome of marijuana use. |
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103. SE of chronic maryjane use?
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a. Respiratory problems such as asthma and chronic bronchitis
b. Suppression of immune system c. Possible effects on reproductive hormones. |
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104. Tx of marijuana intox?
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a. Supportive, psychosocial interventions (eg, contingency management, groups, etc).
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105. Withdrawal sx from Maryjane?
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a. Irritability
b. Anxiety c. Restlessness d. Aggression e. Strange dreams f. Depression g. HA h. Sweating i. Insomnia j. Nausea k. Craving l. ↓ appetite. |
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106. General action of Inhalant drugs?
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a. Act as CNS depressants.
b. User is typically a preadolescent or adolescent. c. i.e. solvents, glue, paint thinners, f-ing idiot. |
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107. Effects of inhalant intoxication?
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a. Perceptual disturbances
b. Psychosis (esp. paranoid states) c. Lethargy, dizziness, N/V, HA, nystagmus. d. Tremor e. Muscle weakness f. Hyporeflexia g. Ataxia h. Slurred speech i. Euphoria j. Hypoxia k. Clouding of consciousness l. Coma. |
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108. Note: Acute intoxication w/inhalants lasts minutes, a stupor may last for hours.
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108. Note: Acute intoxication w/inhalants lasts minutes, a stupor may last for hours.
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109. Overdose of inhalants?
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a. May be fatal secondary to resp. depression or cardiac arrhythmias.
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110. Long-term use SE of inhalants?
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a. May cause permanent damage to CNS (eg, dementia, impaired memory, epilepsy, reduced IQ), PNS, Liver, kidney, heart, and muscle.
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111. Tx of inhalant overdose?
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a. Monitor A,B,Cs.
b. Identify solvent because some (ie, leaded gasoline) may require chelation. |
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112. Action of Caffeine?
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a. Adenosine antagonist causing ↑ cAMP.
b. Stimulant effect via the dopaminergic system. |
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113. Effects of Caffeine overdose: 250 mg, (2-3 cups of coffee)?
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a. Anxiety
b. Insomnia c. Muscle twitching d. Rambling speech e. Flushed face f. Diuresis g. GI disturbance h. Restlessness i. Excitement j. Tachycardia |
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114. Caffeine overdose >1 g?
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a. May cause tinnitus, severe agitation, visual light flashes, and cardiac arrhythmias.
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115. Caffeine overdose > 10 g?
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a. Death may occur secondary to seizures and respiratory failure.
b. Tx: supportive and symptomatic. |
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116. Caffeine withdrawal?
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a. Sx occur in 50-75% of caffeine users if cessation is abrupt.
b. Withdrawal sx include HA, fatigue, irritability, N/V, drowsiness, anxiety, muscle pain, and mild depression. c. Usually resolve in 1 wk. |
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117. MOA of Nicotine?
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a. Stimulates nicotinic receptors in SNS and PSNS.
b. Highly addictive via its effects on the dopaminergic system. |
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118. Effects of Nicotine?
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a. Restlessness, insomnia, anxiety, and ↑ GI motility.
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119. Withdrawal sx from nicotine?
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a. Intense craving, dysphoria, anxiety, poor concentration, ↓ HR, ↑ appetite, irritability, restlessness, and insomnia.
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120. Tx of Nicotine dependence?!?
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a. Varenicline (Chantix)
b. Bupropion (Zyban) c. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) (gum, patch, etc). d. Behavioural counseling should be part of every tx. |
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121. Varenicline (Chantix)?!?!?
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a. Α3β2 nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) partial agonist that mimics the action of nicotine and prevents withdrawal symptoms.
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122. Bupropion (Zyban or Wellbutrin)?
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a. Antidepressant that is also a partial agonist at nAChR and inhibitor of dopamine reuptake.
b. Helps reduce withdrawal sx. |
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123. Complete
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123. Complete
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