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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Gram Stain Limitations
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Gram Stain Limitations
These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color |
Gram Stain Limitations
These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color *Treponema (too thin) *Rickettsia (intracellular) *Mycobacterium (high lipid content) *Mycoplasma (no cell wall) *Legionella (intracellular; silver stain) *Chlamydia (intracellular) |
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Special Stains
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Special Stains
-Giemsa -PAS -Ziehl-Neelsen -India Ink -Silver Stain |
Special Stains
-Giemsa (borrelia, plasmodium, trypanosomes, chlamydia) -PAS (Whipple's dz - tropheryma whippelii; glycogen & mucopolysaccharides) -Ziehl-Neelsen (acid fast organisms) -India Ink (cryptococcus neoformans - also can use mucicarmine to stain red) -Silver Stain (Fungi - eg Pneumocystis, Legionella) |
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Special Culture Requirements
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Special Culture Requirements
-H. influenza -N. gonorrhoeae -B. pertussis -C. diphtheriae -M. tuberculosis -M. pneuoniae -Lactose-fermenting enterics -Legionella -Fungi |
Special Culture Requirements
-H. influenza (cholate agar; factors V [NAD+] & X [hematin]) - heme-a-phil -N. gonorrhoeae (VPN - didn't get this from a Very Private Network of partners; vancomycin, polymixin, nystatin - req to inhibit gram +, -, & fungi) -B. pertussis (Bordet-Gengou [potato] - bordet --> BORDETella pertussis) -C. diphtheriae (Loffler's media, Tellurite plate - can Tell U Rite now they DIdn't get the DIptheria vaccine) -M. tuberculosis (Lowenstein-Jensen agar - got TB in WWII trenches from staying LOW) -M. pneuoniae (Eaton's agar - Atypical M. pneumoniae is EATON' you Away) -Lactose-fermenting enterics (pink on MacConkey's agar) maConKEE'S **Citrobacter **Klebsiella **E. Coli **Enterobacter **Serratia -Legionella (charcoal yeast extract with cysteine and iron - roman legions conCYSTed of IRON) -Fungi (Sabouraud's agar) |
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Obligate Aerobes
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Obligate Aerobes
Nagging Pests Must Breathe |
Obligate Aerobes
Nagging Pests Must Breathe -Nocardia (CARDIAc mm uses lots of O2) -Psuedomona AERuginosa (seen in burn wounds, nosocomiial pneumonia, & CF pneumonia) -Mycobacterium TB (reactivation in lung apices, where pO2 is highest) -Bacillus (anthrax in the AIR to the lungs) |
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Obligate Anaerobes
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Obligate Anaerobes
Can't Breathe Air |
Obligate Anaerobes
Can't Breathe Air Clostridium Bacteroides Actinomyces *aminO2glycosides ineffective *lack catalase and/or superoxide dismutase *foul smelling *produce gas in tissue |
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Intracellular
-obligate -facultative |
Intracellular
-obligate (stay inside when it's Really Cold) -facultative (Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY) |
Intracellular
-obligate (stay inside when it's Really Cold) **Rickettsia **Chlamydia -facultative (Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY) **Salmonella **Neisseria **Brucella **Mycobacterium **Lysteria **Franciscella **Legionella **Yersinia pestis |
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Encapsulated Bacteria
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Encapsulated Bacteria
-positive Quellung = capsullar "Swellung" SHiN SKiS |
Encapsulated Bacteria
-positive Quellung = capsullar "Swellung" SHiN SKiS **Strept pneumoniae **H. influenza B **Neisseria **Salmonella **Klebsiella **Strept group B |
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Catalase + Organisms
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Catalase + Organisms
need SSP(A)CE for CATs -ppl w/chronic granulomatous dz (NADPH oxidase deficiency) can have problem w/these bugs |
Catalase + Organisms
need SSP(A)CE for CATs -ppl w/chronic granulomatous dz (NADPH oxidase deficiency) can have problem w/these bugs **Staph Aureus **Serratia **Psuedomonas **(Actinomyces - see below) **Candida **E. Coli -Actinomyces was redacted in FA per errata - only select few species are Cat +, most are not, "shouldn't" be relevant for Step 1 |
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Urease + Bugs
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Urease + Bugs
PUNCH-KSS |
Urease + Bugs
PUNCH-KSS **Proteus **Ureaplasma **Nocardia **Cryptococcus **H. pylori **Klebsiella **Staph saprophyticus **Staph epidermidis |
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Pigment-Producing Bacteria
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Pigment-Producing Bacteria
Israel has yellow sand Golden Aura AeRUG is green Red Maraschino cherries |
Pigment-producing bacteria
Actinomyces israelii - yellow "sulfur" granules (Israel has yellow sand) S. aureus - yellow pigment (golden aura; aureus = latin for gold) Pseudomonas Aeruginosa - blue-green pigment (AeRUG is green; blue / green color of a hot tub [causes folliculitis] ) Serratia marcescens - red pigment |
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Bacteria Virulence Factors
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Bacteria Virulence Factors
Protein A IgA protease M protein |
Bacteria Virulence Factors
Protein A - staph Aureus (binds Fc of Ig & prevents opsonization) IgA protease (SHiN) - S. pneumo, H. influenza B, Neisseria (cleaves IgA, bugs colonize respiratory mucosa) M protein - Group A Streptococcus (prevents phagocytosis) |
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Rash - palms & soles
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Rash - palms & soles
drive CARS w/hands & feet |
Rash - palms & soles
drive CARS w/hands & feet CARS **Coxsackievirus A (hand, food, & mouth dz) **Rocky Mtn Spotted Fever (rickettsia ricketsi) **Syphilis (2ndary) |
