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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Branching filamentous gram positives
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Actinomyces, Nocardia
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Gram positive cocci
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Staph, strep
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Gram negative cocci
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Neisseria (diplococci)
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Gram positive rod
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Clostridium
Corynebacterium Bacillus Listeria Mycobacterium (acid-fast) |
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Gram negative rods
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LOTS
Enterics: E Coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter, Serratia, Vibrio, Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacteroides Haemophilus, Legionella, Bordetella, Francisella, Brucella, Pasteurella, Bartonella, Gardnerella |
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The enterics
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All are gram negative rods.
E Coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter, Serratia, Vibrio, Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacteroides |
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Pleomorphic gram negatives
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Rickettsiae, Chlamydiae
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Spirochetes
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Leptospira, borrelia, Treponema
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Bacteria with unusual cell membranes/walls
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Mycoplasma(no cell wall)
Mycobacteria (cell wall of mycolic acid) |
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Identified by dark field microscopy and fluorescent antibody staining
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Treponemes
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Giemsa stain used for what?
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Borrelia; Plasmodium; trypanosomes; Chlamydia
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India Ink stain used for what?
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crytococcus neoforms (can also use mucicarmine)
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mucicarmine stains crytococcus neoforms what color?
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red
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Special culture requirements: Neisseria
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VPN
Contains Vancomycin (inhibit gram +); Polymixin (inhibit gram -); Nystatin (inhibit fungi) |
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Special culture requirements: B. pertussis
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Need bordet-gengou (potato) agar
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Special culture requirements: C. diptheriae
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Need Loffler's media; Tellurite plate
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Special culture requirements: M tuberculosis
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Lowenstein-Jensen agar
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Special culture requirements: M pneumoniae
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Eaton agar
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Special culture requirements: Legionella
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Charcoal yeast extract buffered with cysteine
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Special culture requirements: Fungi
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Sabouraud's agar
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Nagging Pests Must Breathe
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Identifies obligate aerobes:
Nocardia Pseudomonas Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacillus |
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Where TB is most likely to reactivate
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apices of the lungs (has highest Po2)
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Burn wounds, nosocomial pneumonia, and CF pneumonia: what bug?
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Can't Breathe Air
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Obligate anaerobes
Clostridium Bacteroides Actinomyces |
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Obligate intracellular
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chlamydia, rickettsia
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Facultative intracellular
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Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLy
Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella. |
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Some Killers Have Nice Shiny Bodies
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Refers to which bacteria are encapsulated.
Strep pneumoniae; Klebsiella; Haemophilus; Neisseria meningitidis; Salmonella; group B strep |
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A polysaccharide antigen alone would result in what?
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Only IgM antibodies
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Urease positive bugs
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Particular Kinds Have Urease
Proteus; Klebsiella, H pylori, Ureaplasma |
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Israel has Yellow sand
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Actinomyces ISRAELII has YELLOW "sulfur" granules: mass of filaments, formed in pus
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S. aureus produces _______ pigment
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yellow
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces __________ pigment
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blue-green
AERUGula is green |
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Bacterial virulence factors: protein A. What does it do?
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S. aureus.
Binds Fc region of Ig, preventing opsonization and phagocytosis |
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Bacterial virulence factors: IgA Protease. What does it do?
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Cleaves IgA
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Bacterial virulence factors: IgA Protease. What bacteria use it?
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S. pneumoniae, H influenzae type B, Neisseria
Helps colonize respiratory mucosa |
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Bacterial virulence factors: M protein. What secretes it and what does it do?
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Group A Strep.
Prevents phagocytosis |
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What is generally more toxic - exo or endotoxins?
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Exo
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Which is more antigenic - exo or endotoxins?
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Exo
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Which bugs have superantigen exotoxins?
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S. aureus, S. pyogenes
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Which bugs have ADP-ribosylating exotoxins?
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C. diphtheriae; Vibrio cholerae; E coli; Bordetella pertussis
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Exotoxin of C. perfringens
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α toxin, a lecithinase that acts as phospholipase and cleaves cell membranes, causes gas gangrene; get double zone of hemolysis on blood agar
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Exotoxin of C. tetani
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Blocks release of GABA and glycine in CNS --> lockjaw
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Exotoxin of C botulinum
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Blacks release of ACh --> CNS paralysis. Floppy paralysis
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Exotoxin of anthrax
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edema factor is an adenylate cyclase
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Exotoxin of Shigella
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Shiga toxin (also produced by EHEC) cleaves host cell rRNA and enhances cytokine release ---> hemolytic uremic syndrome
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Exotoxin of S. pyogenes
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Streptolysin O (hemolysin); antigen for ASO antibody used to dx rheumatic fever
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Which bacteria increase cAMP? (4)
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1) vibrio cholerae
2) pertussis 3) E coli (ETEC) - heat labile 4) Bacillus anthracis - edema factor 1-3 work thru ADP ribosylation. 4 itself is an adenylate cyclase. |
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What part of endotoxin is most toxic?
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lipid A
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Which part of the bacterial growth curve is most rapid?
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Log phase
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Difference between Generalized and Specialized Transduction
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Generalized: Packaging of bacterial chromosomal DNA into viral capsid.
Specialized: Excision of lysogenic phage can result in viral DNA incorporated into bacterial chromosome. |
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ABCDE: genes for the 5 following bacterial toxins encoded in lysogenic phage:
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shigA-like toxin
Botulinum toxin Cholera toxin Diptheria toxin Erythrogenic toxin of S pyogenes |
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Difference between Staph saprophyticus and Strep Epidermidis: novobiocin
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Saprophyticus: resistant
Epidermidis: sensitive |
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What is optochin used to determine?
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Different types of strep
OVRPS: Optochin Viridans: Resistant Pneumoniae: Sensitive |
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Strep Pneumoniae: what is MOPS?
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MOPS: Most OPtochin Sensitive
Causes: Meningitis Otitis media (peds) Pneumonia Sinusitis |
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Diseases that enterococci (group D strep) cause
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UTI, subacute endocarditis
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SNAP: Actinomyces and Nocardia
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Sulfa for Nocardia, Actinomyces use Penicillin
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Takes _______ weeks for PPD to become positive after TB infection
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3-8
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Lactose-fermenting Enterics: MacConKEE'S agar
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C: Citrobacter
K: Klebsiella E: E coli E: Enterobacter S: Serratia |
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T/F Gram - bacteria are resistant to PCN
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T
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WHat diseaes does Haemophilus cause?
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haEMOPhilus
Epiglottitis Meningitis Otitis Media Pneumonia |
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Which E coli produces Shiga-like toxin?
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EIEC
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Which E coli causes Travelers diarrhea?
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ETEC (watery, no inflammation or invasion)
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Which E coli produces hemolytic uremia syndrome, and dysentery?
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EHEC
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How to distinguish EHEC from other E coli?
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EHEC does NOT ferment sorbitol
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Red currant jelly sputum associated with
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Klebsiella pneumonia
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Differentiating salmonella from shigella
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Salmon(ella) swim - motile and disseminate bc have flagella. produce H2S.
Shigella is more virulent. |
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Causes mesenteric adenitis that can mimic appendicitis. Outbreaks happen at day cares
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Yersinia enterocolitica
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Leprecaun peeing on a mat.
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Leptospirosis transmitted thru urine, IDd thru micro-agglutination test
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weil's disease
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caused by leptospira interogans, Severe form of leptospirosis with jaundice, azotemia, hemorrhage, anemia
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Why is coxsiella atypical for rickettsia?
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It is transmitted by aerosol (most rickettsias are thru arthropod vector) and it causes pneumonia
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How do the Rickettsia and Typhus rash differ?
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Rickettsia on the wRists (starts on hands and feet)
Typhus on the Trunk (starts centrally and spreads out) |
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Why is Q fever Queer?
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It has NO rash, no vector, negative Weil-Felix, and its causative organism can survive outside for a long time, also doesnt have rickettsia as genus name.
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Weil Felix reaction
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patients with rickettsial infection have antibodies against rickettsiea. Mixing patient serum with Proteus antigens, these antibodies cross rect and AGGLUTINATE.
BUT it's negative in Coxiella infection. |
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What three things cause a Palm and Sole rash? (CARS)
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Coxsackie A; Rocky mountain spotted fever; Syphilis
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Coccidiomycosis is a __________ in tissue
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spherule (not yeast)
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Fluconazole/ketoconazole is used for _______ infection to treat mycoses while Ampho B is used for ______ infection
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local; systemic
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T/F Histoplasmosis is found in macrophages
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T
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Malassezia furfur causes ___________
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tinea versicolor
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Which DNA virus is NOT double stranded?
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Parvovirus
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Which RNA virus is NOT single stranded?
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Reovirus
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What are the positive stranded RNA viruses?
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I went to a POSI (positive) RETRO (retroviridae) TOGA (togaviridae) party where I drank FLAVored (flavivirus) CORONA (coronavirus) and at HIPPY (hepevirus) CALIfornia (calicivirus) PICkles (picovirus)
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What are the DNA viruses?
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HHAPPPPy viruses
Herpes Hepadna Adenovirus Pox Papilloma Polyoma |
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Tzanck test: what for?
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HSV identification. Smear of an opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells.
Assay HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV. |
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What kind of inclusions do herpes viruses show?
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Cowdry A
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What is the Monospot test?
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Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBCs.
Used to detect EBV. |