First Aid Micro Systems

Front 1

signs of meningitis

Back 1

kernigs and/or brudzinski's

Front 2

csf findings in bacterial meningitis

Back 2

increased pressure, PMNs, increased protein, decreased sugar

Front 3

csf findings in fungal/TB meningitis

Back 3

increased pressure, lymphocytes, Incereased protein, decreased sugar

Front 4

csf findings in viral meningitis

Back 4

normal or increased pressure, lymphocytes, normal or increased protein, normal sugar

Front 5

most common cause of osteomyelitis in most people

Back 5

staph aureus

Front 6

osteomyelitis in sexually active people

Back 6

neisseria gonorrhea (rare), septic arthritis

Front 7

signs of osteomyelitis

Back 7

elevated CRP and ESR (classic but not specific)

Front 8

causes of osteomyelitis in diabetics and drug addicts

Back 8

pseudomonas aeroguinosa

Front 9

cause of osteomyelitis in sickle cell pts

Back 9

salmonella

Front 10

causes of osteomyelitis in pts. with prosthetic replacements

Back 10

staph aureus and staph epidermis

Front 11

cause of vertebral osteomyelitis

Back 11

mycobacterium tuberculosis (pott's disease)

Front 12

cause of osteomyelitis after a cat or dog bite/scratch

Back 12

pasteurella multocida

Front 13

does most osteomyelitis occur in kids or adults?

Back 13

kids

Front 14

do you see WBC casts in UTIs?

Back 14

no, only with pyelonephritis

Front 15

positive leukocyte esterase test =

Back 15

bacterial UTI

Front 16

positive nitrite test =

Back 16

gram-neg bacterial UTI (except s saprophyticus)

Front 17

leading cause of UTIs, metallic sheen on EMB agar

Back 17

e. coli

Front 18

2nd leading cause of communigy acquired UTIs in seually active women

Back 18

staph saprophyticus

Front 19

4rd leading cause of UTIs, large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies

Back 19

klebsiella pneumoniae

Front 20

causes UTIs, some strains produce a red pigment, often nosocomial and drug resistant

+ another one that is also often nosocomial and drug resistant?

Back 20

serratia marcescens

enterobacter cloacae

Front 21

causes UTIs, motility causes "swarming" on agar, produces urease, associated with struvite stones

Back 21

proteus mirabilis

Front 22

causes UTIs, blue-green pigment and fruity odor, usually nosocomial and drug resistant

Back 22

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 23

non specific signs of ToRCHeS infections

Back 23

hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation

Front 24

T of torches

mode of transmissin?
neonatal manifestations?

Back 24

-toxoplasma gondii
cat feces
chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications

Front 25

R of torches

mode of transmission?
neonatal manifestatiosn?

Back 25

- rubella
- respiratory droplets
PDA, cataracts, deafness +/- "blueberry muffin" rash

Front 26

C of torches

mode of transmission?
neonatal manifestatiosn?

Back 26

- CMV
- sex, transplants
hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash

Front 27

H1 of torches

mode of transmission?
neonatal manifestatiosn?

Back 27

- HIV
- sex
- neonate- recurrent infections, chronic diarrhea

Front 28

H2 of torches

mode of transmission?
neonatal manifestatiosn?

Back 28

- HSV
- skin or mucous membrane contact
temporal encephalitis, herpetic vesicular lesions

Front 29

S of torches

mode of transmission?
neonatal manifestatiosn?

Back 29

- syphilis
- sex

- often stillbirth, hydrops fetalis
- facial abnormalities (notched teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla), saber shins

Front 30

rash begins at head amd moves down, postauricular lymphadenopathy

agent?
disease?

Back 30

rubella
german measles

Front 31

a paramyxovirus, rash begins at head and moves down, rash preceded by a cough/coryza/conjunctivitis/and koplik spots on buccal mucosa

agent?
disease?

Back 31

measles virus
rubeola, measles

Front 32

a paramyxovirus, no rash but can present with parotitis/ meningitis (orchits or oophoritis in young adults)

agent?
disease?

Back 32

mumps virus
mumps

Front 33

rash begins on trunk, spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different age

agent?
disease?

Back 33

VZV
chicken pox

Front 34

macular rash over body appears several days of high fever, usually affects infants

agent?
disease?

Back 34

HHV-6
roseola

Front 35

slapped cheek rash, later rash appears over body in reticular/"lace-like" pattern, can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women

agent?
disease?

Back 35

parvovirus B19
erythema infectiosum

Front 36

erythematous, sandpaper-like rash with fever and sore throat

agent?
disease?

Back 36

strep pyogenes
scarlet fever

Front 37

vesicular rash on palms and soles, ulcers in oral mucosa

agent?
disease?

Back 37

coxsackieviruse type A
hand-foot-mouth disease

Front 38

STD

urethritis, cervicitis, PID, prostatitis, epididymitis, arthritis, creamy purulent discharge

Back 38

niesseria gonorrhoae

Front 39

STD

painless chancre

Back 39

treponema pallidum => primary syphilis

Front 40

STD

fever, lymphadenopathy, skin rashes, condylomata lata

Back 40

treponema pallidum => secondary syphilis

Front 41

STD

gummas, tabes dorsalis, general paresis, aortitis, argyll robertson pupil

Back 41

treponema pallidum => tertiary syphilis

Front 42

STD

painful penile/vulvar/cervical vesicles and ulcers, can cause systemic symptoms such as fever, headach, myalgia

Back 42

HSV-2 => genital herpes

Front 43

STD

urethritis, cervicits, conjunctivitis, reiter's syndrome, PID

Back 43

chlamydia trachomatis (D-K)

Front 44

STD

opportunistic infections, kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma

Back 44

HIV/AIDs

Front 45

STD

genital warts, koilocytes

Back 45

HPV 6, 11 => condylomata acuminata

Front 46

STD

vaginitis, strawberry colored mucosa, corkscrew motility on wet prep

Back 46

trichomonas vaginalis

Front 47

STD

jaundice

Back 47

HBV

Front 48

STD

noninflammatory, malodorous discharge (fishy smell), positive whiff test, clue cells

Back 48

gardenella vaginalis => bacterial vaginosis

Front 49

cause of subacute PID

Back 49

chlamydia trachomatis

Front 50

cause of acute PID with high fever

Back 50

neisseria gonorrheae

Front 51

most common STD in the US

Back 51

c. trachomatis

Front 52

signs of PID

Back 52

chandelier sign, purulent cervical discharge, salpingitis, endometritis, hydrosalpinx, tubo-ovarian abscess

Front 53

salpingitis is a risk factor for:

Back 53

ectopic pregnancy, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, adhesions

Front 54

complication of PID

Back 54

fitz-hugh-curtis syndrome- infection of liver capsule and "violin string" adhesions of parietal peritoneum to liver

Front 55

2 most common causes of nosocomial infections

Back 55

e. coli => UTI
s. aureus => wound infections

Front 56

nosocomial infections in newborn nursery

Back 56

CMV, RSV

Front 57

nosocomial infections with urinary catherization

Back 57

e. coli, proteus mirabilis

Front 58

nosocomial infections from resp therapy equipment

Back 58

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 59

nosocomial infections from work in renal dialysis unit

Back 59

HBV

Front 60

nosocomial infections from hyperalimentation

Back 60

candida albicans

Front 61

nosocomial infections from water aerosols

Back 61

legionella

Front 62

pus, empyema, abscess

Back 62

s. aureus

Front 63

pediatric infection

Back 63

h. influenzae (incl. epiglottitis)

Front 64

pneumonia in cystic fibrosis, burn infection

Back 64

pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 65

branching rods in oral infection, sulfur granules

Back 65

actinomyces israelii

Front 66

traumatic open wound

Back 66

clostridium perfringens

Front 67

surgical wound

Back 67

s. aureus

Front 68

dog or cat bite

Back 68

pasteurella multocida

Front 69

currant jelly sputum

Back 69

klebsiella

Front 70

positive PAS stain

Back 70

tropheryma whippelii (whipple's disease)

Front 71

sepsis/meningitis in newborn

Back 71

group b strep

Front 72

health care provider

Back 72

HBV- from needle stick

Front 73

fungal infection in diabetic

Back 73

mucor or rhiopus spp.

Front 74

asplenic patient

Back 74

encapsulated microbes, esp. SHiN (s. pneumoniae, h. influenzae type b, n. meningitidis)

Front 75

chronic granulomatous disease

Back 75

catalase-positive microbes (s. aureus, nocardia spp., aspergillus spp.)

Front 76

neutropenic pts.

Back 76

candida albicans (systemic), aspergillus

Front 77

bilateral bell's palsy

Back 77

borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease)

Front 78

HIV

low grade fevers/cough/hepadosplenomegaly

oval yeast cells within macrophages

Back 78

histoplasma capsulatum (causes only pulmonary symptoms in an immunocompetent host)

Front 79

HIV

fluffy white cottage-cheese lesions, often in mouth

pseudohyphae

Back 79

c. albicans (causes thrush)

Front 80

HIv

superficial vascular proliferation

biopsy- neutrophilic inflammation

Back 80

bartonella henselae (bacillary angiomatosis)

Front 81

HIV

superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature

biopsy- lymphocytic inflammation

Back 81

HHV-8 (causes kaposi's sarcoma)

Front 82

HIV

chronic, water diarrhea

acid-fast cysts in stool

Back 82

cryptosporidium

Front 83

HIV

meningitis

india ink stain reveals yeast with narrow-based budding and large capsule

Back 83

cryptoccocus neoformans (can also cause encephalitis)

Front 84

HIV

encephalopathy

due to reactivation of a latent viruse, results in demyelination

Back 84

JC virus (cause of PML)

Front 85

HIV

abscesses in brain

many ring enhancing lesions on imaging

Back 85

toxoplama gondii

Front 86

HIV

retinitis

cotton-wool spots on funduscopic exam

Back 86

CMV

Front 87

HIV

hairy leuoplakia

often on lateral tongue

Back 87

EBV

Front 88

HIV

non-hodgkin's lymphoma (large cell type)

often on oropharynx (waldeyer's ring)

Back 88

EBV

Front 89

HIV

sq cell carcinoma

often in anus (MSM) or cervix (females)

Back 89

HPV

Front 90

HIV

interstitial pneumonia

biopsy- intranuclear owl's eye inclusion bodies

Back 90

CMV

Front 91

HIV

pleuritic pain, hemoptysis, infiltrates on imaging

Back 91

aspergillus fumigatus => invasive aspergillosis

Front 92

HIV

pneumonia, esp with CD4 < 200

Back 92

pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii)

Front 93

HIV

TB-like disease, esp with CD4 < 50

Back 93

mycobacterium avium intracellulare

Front 94

unimmunized child

rash beginning at head and moving down with lymphadenopathy

Back 94

rubella

Front 95

unimmunized child

rash beginning at head and moving down, rash preceded by cough/coryza/conjunctivitis/koplik spots on buccal mucosa

Back 95

meales (paraxymovirus, "rubeola")

Front 96

unimmunized child

meningitis

microbe colonizes nasopharynx

Back 96

h. influenza

Front 97

unimmunized child

meningitis

can also lead to myalgia and paralysis

Back 97

polio

Front 98

unimimunized child

pharyngitis

grayish oropharyngeal exudate(pseudomembrane) that may obstruct airway, painful throat

Back 98

corynebacterium diptheriae (toxin causes necrosis in pharynx, cardiac, CNS tissue)

Front 99

unimmunized child

epiglottitis

fever with dysphagia, drooling, and difficulty swallowing due to edematous "cherry red" epiglottis

Back 99

h. influenzae type b (also causes epiglottitis in fully immunized children)