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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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which abxs are bacteriostatic?
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Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim, Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol
we are ECSTaTiC about statics! |
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which abxs are bacterocidal?
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Vancomycin, Flouroquinolones, Penicillin, Aminoglycosides, Cephalosporins, Metronidazole
Very Fine and Proficient at Cell Murder |
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penicillin G and V
MOA, use, tox penicillinase resistant? |
block transpeptidase cross-linking of cell wall
use for gram + bugs and syphilus allergic reactions NO |
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methicillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin
class, moa, use and tox |
penicillinase resistance penicillins
same moa as penicillin use for staph aureus (except MRSA) allergic reactions naf for staph; MeND |
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ampicillin, amoxicillin
class, use, tox, which has better oral availability? |
wide spectrum aminopenicillins (AMPed up penicillin)
used for gram + and gram - bugs, especially H. influenza, E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus, Salmonella (enterococci) they HELP kill enterococci allergic reaction, amp can cause pseudomembranous colitis amOxicillin has better Oral availability |
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ticarcillin, carbenicillin, piperacillin
class, use |
antipseudomonals
Takes Care of Pseudomonas |
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calvulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam
class and use |
beta lactamase inhibitors aded to penicillin abxs to protect them from penicillinase
CAST |
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1st generation cephalosporins and the bugs they get?
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cefazolin, cephalexin
Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella PEcK |
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2nd gen. cephalosporins and the bugs they get
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cefoxitin, cefaclor, cefuroxime
the FOX has nice FUR and thats a FACt H. influenza, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria, Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella, Serratia marcescens HEN PEcKS |
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3rd gen cephalosporins and the bugs they get
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ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime
the TAZ TRIed to TAX ME serious gram - bugs ceftriaxone--meningitis, gonorrhea, lyme disease ceftazidime--pseudomonas |
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4th gen cephalosporins and the bugs
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cefepime
pseudomonas and gram + bugs |
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cephalosporin tox
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vit k deficiency, allergic reactions (cross hypersensitivity with penicillins in 5-10% of pts. since they are beta lactam drugs), renal tox when mixed with aminoglycosides
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aztreonam
class, moa, use, tox, allergy? |
monobactam resistant to beta lactamase
inhibits cell wall synthesis NO cross-allergy with penicillins gram - rods ONLY usually non toxic use in pts with renal problems that cant handle aminoglycosides |
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Imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem
class, cilastatins job? |
broadspectrum beta lactamase-resistant carbapenem ALWAYS given with cilastatin
cilastatin decreases inactivation of drug in the renal tubules by inhibiting renal dihydropeptidase I bad side effects make it used for life-threatening infections (GI, skin rash, and CNS tox) |
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vancomycin
moa, use, tox |
inhibits cell wall mucopeptide formation by binding D-ala D-ala portion of cell wall precursors
Gram positives ONLY Nephrotox, Ototox, Thrombophlebitis does NOT have many problems also, flushing leading to "red man syndrome" |
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name the protein synthesis inhibitors and where they work at
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30S: Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines
50S:Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Lincomycin, Linezolid buy AT 30...CCEL at 50 |
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name 5 aminoglycosides
requirement for MOA, use, tox |
Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin
inhibit the formation of the initation complex causing misreading of the mRNA. require oxygen to be taken up...hence only used for aerobes Gram - rods Nephrotox, Ototox, Teratogen GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes |
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how are aztreonam and aminoglycosides similar?
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they both are for gram negative rods
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name some tetracyclines
moa, use, tox, what not to take with |
tetracycline, doxycycline, demeclocycline, minocycline
bind 30S prevent attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA use for lyme disease, h. pylori, M. pneumonia causes discoloration of teeth and inhibits bone growth in kids DONT take with calcium or iron containing stuff because divalent cations inhibit the drug uptake |
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name the macrolides
moa, use, tox |
erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
bind 23S rRNA of 50S ribosome use for atypical pneumonia (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella) can prolong the QT interval, GI problems |
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chloramphenicol
moa, use tox |
inhibits 50S peptidyltransferase activity
meningitis d/t h. influenza, n. meningitidis, s. pneumoniae phen-phen makes you insane in the membrane (brain---meningitis) can cause anemia, aplastic anemia GRAY BABY SYNDROME (cuz the little buggers lack liver UDP-glucuronyl transferase) |
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clindamycin
moa, use, tox |
blocks translocation at the 50S
use for anaerobic infections LINDA is a whench and she sucks all your oxygen out of you (used for anaerobes) can cause psuedomembranous colitis |
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which drug treats anaerobes ABOVE the diaphragm and which treats them BELOW
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ABOVE----clindamycin
BELOW---metronidazole |
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sulfonamides
moa, tox |
PABA antimetabolites inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase.....basically inhibit folate synthesis
cause hemolysis if G6PD deficient, allergic rx, displace drugs from albumin, KERNICTERUS in infants |
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trimethoprim
moa, use, tox and antidote drug |
inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase
use in combo with sulfonamides causes megaloblastic anemia leucovorin rescue TTMP: Trimethoprim Treats Marrow Poorly |
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-floxacin drugs
class, moa, major tox |
flouroquinolones
inhibit DNA gyrase tendon rupture in adults, cartilage damage in kids and preggo chicks |
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metronidazole
moa, use, tox |
forms free radical metabolites in bacterial cell that damage its DNA
Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella vaginalis, Anaerobes, h. Pylori (in the triple therapy) GET GAP on the METRO causes disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol, metallic taste |
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the only agent to fly solo for TB prophylaxis and its tox and what must be given along with it
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isoniazid
INH injures neurons and hepatocytes causes vit. B6 deficiency (pyridoxine) |
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rifampin
moa, use, tox |
4 R's
RNA polymerase inhibitor Revs up P-450 Red/orange body fluids Rapid resistance if used alone use for TB minor hepto tox, orange pee |
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amphotericin B
moa, use |
binds ergosterol (unique to fungi) and forms pores for leakage to occur
serious systemic mycoses |
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nystatin
moa, use |
same as amphotericin
Topical use d/t being very toxic for systemic use "swish and spit" for thrush |
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-azoles
moa, use |
inhibit fungal sterol synthesis (ergosterol)
for systemic mycoses Fluconazole for cryptococcus meningitis in AID (it crosses BBB) and candidal infections ketoconazole for the CHuBs the A-zoles are A-holes so they inhibit ergosterol (amphotericin just binds it) |
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flucytosine
moa, use |
inhibits DNA synthesis by conversion to 5-flouorouracil
use for systemic fungal infections (candida, cryptococcus) in combo with amphotericin |
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caspofungin
moa, use |
inhibits cell wall synthesis by inhibiting synthesis of beta glucan
use for invasive aspergillosis cASPofungin-----ASPergillis |
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terbinafine
moa, use |
inhibits fungal enzyme sqaulene epoxidase
use for dermatophytoses (especially nail fungal stuff) |
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griseofulvin
moa and use |
interferes with microtubule function to disrupt mitosis
oral treatment of superficial infections...inhibits growth of dermatophytes (tinea, ringworm) |
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amantadine
moa, use, tox, |
prevents viral uncoating ALSO causes release of dopamine from intact dopaminergic cells
prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A only ALSO Parkinsons causes ataxia, dizziness, slurred speech Amantadine blocks flu A and his the cerebellA |
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Zanamivir, oseltamivir
moa, use |
inhibits influenza neruaminidase, decreasing release of progeny virus
used for BOTH influenza A and B |
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Ribavirin
moa use tox |
inhibits guanine nucleotide synthesis by inhibiting IMP dehydrogenase
used for RSV, chronic HCV hemolytic anemai, SEVERE teratogen |
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acyclovir
moa,use tox |
phosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase and inhibits viral DNA polymerase by chain termination. NO effect on latent forms
used for HSV, VZV, EBV well tolerated |
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ganciclovir
moa use tox |
seems to be the same as acyclovir except its for CMV
can cause leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and renal tox so it hits bone marrow and kidney...more toxic than acyclovir gan---dan----hes a douche and more toxic |
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foscarnet
moa use tox |
inhibits viral DNA polymerase by binding to pyrophosphate bidning site of enzyme....NO ACTIVATION REQUIRED (unlike ciclovir drugs)
use for CMV retinitis when ganciclovir fails or acyclovir resistant nephrotox |
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-navir drugs
moa, use, tox |
prevent maturation of HIV virus by inhibiting HIV-1 protease
HIV hyperglycemia, nausea, diarrheam thrombocytopenia, kidney stones (indinavir) NAVIR (never) TEASE a proTEASE |
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Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
Zidovudine, stavudine, didanosine moa use tox |
inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transcriptase and terminate the DNA chain. MUST BE PHOSPHORYLATED by thymine kinase to be active
zidovudine is used during pregnancy to prevent fetal transmission cause bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis, rash, megaloblastic anemia (zidovudine) DID DAN(osine) ask you to DINE with him? |
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non-Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Declaviridine moa use tox |
bind to reverse transcriptase at a site other than the NRTIs. NO NEED TO BE PHOSPHORYLATED
Never Ever Deliver nucleosides same tox as NRTIs |
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fusion inhibitors
Enfuvirtide |
bind viral gp41to block fusion and entry
enFUvirtide----FUsion |
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what are the two main toxicities for the statins?
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hepatotox
rhabdomyolysis |
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what is the main use for niacin? what are its three toxicities
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lower TG's
flushing, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia (leading to gout) |
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what is a worrisome tox of the fibrates?
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gall stones
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what drugs can cause SLE-like problems
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Hydralazine, INH, Procainamide, Phenytoin
its not HIPP to have SLE |
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what drugs are no-no's for the preggos?
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Sulfonamides
Aminoglycosides Floroquinolones Metronidazole Tetracycline Rifampin Griseofulvin Chloramphenicol SAFe Moms Take Really Good Care |
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what increases the tox for Class IB antiarrhythmics?
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hyperkalemia
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name the first generation sulfonylureas (for diabetes)
MOA, use and tox |
tobutAMIDE
chlorpropAMIDE close K channels in beta cell (cell depolarizes) triggers release of insulin via Ca influx use in DM type 2 since you have to have some functioning islet cells disulfiram-like reaction |
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2nd generation sulfonylureas (diabetes)
moa, use and tox |
glyburide, glimepiride, glipizide
same MOA and use as 1st geneartion cause hypoglycemia |
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MOA and tox of the -glitazone diabetic drugs
remember they can be used an monotherapy in DM type 2 |
increase insulin sensitivity by increase the transcription of insulin responding PPAR
causes weight gain and edema |
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pramlintide and exenatide share this common MOA
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decrease glucagon
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