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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sites of:
Lymph Node: -B-cells -T-cells T-cell maturation |
Sites of:
Lymph Node: -B-cells **Germinal centers in the cortex; 2ndary are active, clear center -T-cells **periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS), in the paracortex T-cell maturation: Thymus **Cortex - positive selection (reactive to self; double positive CD4+ CD8+) **Medulla - negative selection (non-reactive; maybe corticomedullary jxn?) |
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Postsplenectomy Findings
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Postsplenectomy Findings
-Howell-Jolly bodies (nuclear remnants) -Target cells -Thrombocytosis |
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HLA subtypes associated w/dz (HIGH YIELD):
**A3 **B27 **B8 **DR2 **DR3 **DR4 **DR5 **DR7 |
HLA subtypes associated w/dz (HIGH YIELD):
--- **A3 - Hemochromatosis **B27 - "PAIR" - psoriatic arthritis, anklyosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel dz, Reiter's syndrome **B8 - Grave's dz **DR2 - Multiple Sclerosis, hay fever, SLE, Goodpasture's **DR3 - Diabetes mellitus type I **DR4 - Rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1 **DR5 - pernicious anemia --> B12 deficiency, Hashimoto's thyroiditis **DR7 - Steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome |
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NK-cells enhanced by cytokines:
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NK-cells enhanced by cytokines:
IL-12 IFN-beta IFN-gamma |
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Helper T-cell Differentiation:
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Helper T-cell Differentiation:
CD4+ **IL-12 --> Th1, makes IL-2 & IFN-gamma, activates macrophages & CD-8 T-cells **IL-4 --> Th2 - makes IL-4, 5, helps B-cells make antibody (IgE > IgG) |
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T & B cell activation
Helper T-cell Cytotoxic T-cell B-cell activation & class switching |
T & B cell activation
Helper T-cell 1.) MHC II-Foreign Ag recognized by TCR 2.) B7-CD28 "costimulatory signal" (B7 on APC) Cytotoxic-T-cell 1.) MHC I-Endogenous Ag recognized by TCR 2.) IL-2 from Th1 activates Tcytotoxic B-cell activation & class switching **requires activated Th 1.) B-cell endocytosis & presents foreign antigen on MHC II, recognized by Th 2.) CD40 on B-cell binds CD40L on Th 3.) Th excretes IL- 4, 5, 6, 10 4.) Costimulatory B7-CD28 ***B-cell is APC, randomly picking up stuff; activated Th comes along, recognizes it and signals "this is bad stuff", gear up to destroy it |
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T-cell cytokines
Th1 Th2 Macrophages Treg |
T-cell cytokines
Th1 **secrete: IL-2, IFN-gamma **inhibited by: IL-10 (Th2) Th2 **secrete: IL-4, 5, 6, 10 **inhibited by: IFN-gamma (Th1) ***lymphocytes release IFN-gamma, macrophages release IL-1, TNF-alpha --> stimulate each other ***Treg (CD3, CD4, CD25) produce anti-inflammatory: IL-10, TGF-beta |
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Passive Vaccination (preformed antibodies) are used for:
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Passive Vaccination (preformed antibodies) are used for:
To Be Healed Rapidly: **Tetanus toxin **Botulinum toxin **HBV **Rabies virus |
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Complement Deficiences
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Complement Deficiencies
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency **angioedema; ACE inhibitors contraindicated C3 deficiency **severe, recurrent pyogenic sinus & resp tract infections **increased susceptibility to type III hypersensitivity rxns C5-8 deficiencies **recurrent Neisseria bacteremia DAF (GPI anchored enzyme) **complement-mediated lysis of RBCs & paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) |
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Hypersensitiviteis: Pathophys
Type I Type II Type III Type IV |
Hypersensitiviteis: Pathophys
Type I [immediate, anaphylactic, atopic] **anaphylactive and atopic **antibody mediated **antigen crosslinks IgE on presensitized mast cells/basophils **Test: scratch test & radioimmunosorbent assay Type II [tend to be specific to tissue or site of antigen] **Cy-2-toxic **Antibody mediated, bind to antigen on "enemy cell" **3 mechanisms (1. Opsonize / activate complement, 2. recruit neutrophils & macrophages, 3. bind nl cellular receptors & interfere w/fxn) **Test: direct & indirect Coomb's Type III [can be associated w/vasculitis & systemic manifestations] **Immune complex (antigen-IgG activate complement, attract neutrophils which release lysosomal enzymes) **Serum sickness - immune complex, antibodies to foreign prtns (5 days), deposit in membranes, fix complement, tissue damage **Arthus reaction - local subacute antibody-antigen complexes formed in skin after intradermal injection, edema necrosis & activation of complement) Type IV [delayed response, does NOT involve antibodies] **Delayed, T-cell mediated ACID **Anaphylactic & Atypoic (I) **Cytotoxic, antibody mediated (II) **Immune complex (III) **Delayed, cell mediated (IV) |
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Graft Types:
-Autograft -Syngeneic graft -Allograft -Xenograft |
Graft Types:
-Autograft --> from self -Syngeneic graft --> from identical twin / clone -Allograft --> nonidentical individual of same species -Xenograft --> from different species |
