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297 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Actinic Keratosis
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Precedes Squamous Cell Ca (tx'd with freezing)
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Addison's Disease
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Primary adrenalcortical deficiency (see hyperpigmentation due to increased MSH from increased ACTH)
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Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café-au-lait spots, short stature. See in young girls
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McCune-Albright's syndrome = mosaic G protein signaling mutation
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Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural deafness, cataracts
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Alport's syndrome
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Anti-Basement Memrane Ab
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Goodpasture's syndrome
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Anti-Centromere Ab
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Scleroderma/CREST
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Anti-Double Stranded DNA antibodies (ANA)
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SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
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Anti-Epithelial Cell (desmoglein) Ab
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Phemphigus Vulgaris (= blistering)
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Anti-transglutaminase/gliadin Ab
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Celiac Disease = diarrhea, distention and weight loss
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Anti-Histone Ab
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Drug-induced SLE
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Ant-IgG Ab
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Rheumatoid Arthritis (also seen with Sjogren's and cryoglobulinemia)
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Anti-mitochondrial Ab
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Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (seen in females - presents with cholestasis and portal hypertension)
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Anti-Neutrophil cytoplasmic Ab
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Vasculitis (wegners, microscopic polyangitis, glomerulophritis
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Anti-Platelet Ab
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Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
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Arachnodactyly with lens dislocation, aortic dissection, and hyperflexible joints
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Marfan's Syndrome (fibrillin defect)
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Non-reactive but accomodating pupil
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Argyll Robertson's pupil = Neurosyphillis
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Arnold-Chiari Malformation
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Cerebellar Tonsillar Herniation (congenital)
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multinucleated giant cells in nodules of cardiac inflammation
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Aschoff Bodies- Rheumatic Fever
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Mammillary atrophy
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Wernicke's Encephalopathy (mostly chronic alcoholism)
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Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
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Auer Rods = AML (esp promyelocytic)
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Autospenectomy
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Sickle Cell Anemia (must immunize against encapsulated organisms)
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Fanning/extension of big tow upon plantar scrape
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Babinski's Sign = Infants and Upper motor neuron lesions
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"Bamboo spine" on x-ray (spine's outlined with Ca deposits)
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Ankylosing Spondylitis (chronic inflam arthritis, assoc with sacroilitis and HLA-B27)
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Basophilic stippling of the RBCs
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Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
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Slow progressive muscular weakness in boys
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Becker's Muscular Dystrophy = Defective dystrophin (less severe than Duchenne's)
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Unilateral facial drooping
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Bell's Palsy = Lower motor CN VII palsy (affects the whole 1/2 face)
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Bence Jones proteins
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Multiple Myeloma or Waldenstroms (light chains) macroglobulinemia (IgM)
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Berger's Disease
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IgA nephropathy
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Bernard-Soulier Disease
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Platelet adhesion defect (autosomal recessive mutation of vW factor glycoprotein Gp1b)
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Bilateral hilar adenopathy with uveitis
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Sarcoidosis
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"tennis-racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles in Langerhans cells
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Birbeck Granules on EM = Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
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Bloody CSF on LP
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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"Blue Bloater"
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Chronic bronchitis = hyperlasia of mucous cells = hypoxemia, polycythemia, and hypercapnia
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Blue-domed cysts of mammary glands
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Fibrocystic change of the breast
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Blue Sclera
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Osteogenesis Imperfecta
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Boot-Shaped Heart on x-ray
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Right ventricular hypertrophy (seen with Tetrology of Fallot)
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Bouchard's nodes
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PIP swelling due to Osteoarthritis
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Boutonniere deformity
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Rheumatoid Arthritis
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Oral infection with branching rods
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Actinomyces Israelii (looks almost like fungus)
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Bone "brown tumor"
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Hemorrhage of osteolytic cysts. Seen in hyperparathyroid and Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica (vonRecklinghausen's Disease)
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Male child with recurrent infections and no mature B cells
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Bruton's Disease = X-linked agammaglobulinemia (defective tyrosine kinase)
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Budd-Chiari Syndrome
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Posthepatic Venous thrombosis (looks like CHF but without the JVD). Sx = abd pain, ascites, hepatomegly
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Buerger's Disease
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Small/medium artery vasculitis (classically seen in young male smokers)
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8-14 translocation
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Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc to Ig heavy chain)
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"Stary sky" appearance on histology
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Burkitt's lymphoma
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Malignancy of WBCs assoc with EBV
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Burkitt's lymphoma
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bluish line on gingiva
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Burton's lines = Lead poisoning
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c-ANCA
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Wegener's Granulomatosis
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p-ANCA
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Microscopic Polyangitis and Churg-Strauss (systemic vasculitis with asthma and eosinophilia)
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Café-au-lait spots (hyperpigmentation)
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Neurofibromatosis (I = + Lisch nodules (iris harmartoma), II = + bilateral acoustic neuromas)
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Calf psuedohypertrophy
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(CT and fat build up) Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy
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disarrayed graulosa cells/gland-like structures in eosinophilic fluid
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Call-Exner Bodies - Granulosa-theca cell tumor of ovaries
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Cardiomegly with apical atrophy
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Chaga's Disease
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Chagas Disease cause?
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Trypanosome infection
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Chancre
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Non-painful indurated, ulcerated lesion = Primary syphilis
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Ulcerated painful genital lesion with exudates
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Chancroid = h. ducreyi
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Charcots triad - diseases?
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Multiple Sclerosis or Cholangitis
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Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech
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Charcot's triad of Multiple sclerosis
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Jaundice, RUQ pain, fever
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Charcot's triad of cholangitis
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Hexogonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
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Charcot-Leyden crystals: Bronchial Asthma (eosinophilic membranes)
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Chediak-Higashi disease
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Phagocyte deficiency due to microtubular dysfunction (LYST-1 gene) = recurrent staph and strep infections with partial albinism and peripheral neuropathy. See granules in PMNs
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Cherry-red macular spot
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Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick, or central artery occulsion
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Alternating slow and fast breathing
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations = Central apnea in CHF and increased ICP
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"Chocolate cysts"
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Endometryosis in the ovary (frequently bilateral)
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Chronic atrophic gastritis
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Predisposes to gastric carcinoma and can lead to B12 deficiency
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facial muscle spasm when tapped
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Chostek's sign = Hypocalcemia
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Clear cell vaginal adenocarcinoma
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DES exposure in utero
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Triad of psychosis, ataxia, and opthalmoplegia
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Wernicke's Encephalopathy (mostly chronic alcoholism)
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Bitter almond taste
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CN poisoning (nitroprusside toxicity)
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Almond shaped eyes with down-turned mouth
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Prader-Willi
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Barr bodies
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Inactivated X chromosomes in PMNs: seen in Kleinfelter's Syndrome (XXY) and 3% of female PMNs
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Stippled vaginal cells
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"clue cells" of Bacterial vaginosis (Gardnerella + anaerobics = bacteria on epithelial cells)
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Periosteum raised from bone, creating by triangular area seen on x-ray
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Codman's triangle seen with osteosarcoma and osteomylitis
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Painful blue fingers and toes with hemolytic anemia
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Cold agglutinins = IgM that agglutinates blood in cold environments = mycoplasma pneumonia and infectious mononucleosis
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Cold intolerance
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Hypothyroidism
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Small, flat, moist white lesions on genitals
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Condylomata Lata = Ulcer seen with secondary syphillis
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Continuous machinery murmur
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Patent ductus arteriosis
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Infant with Hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly
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If lactate's normal = Cori's Disease = Debranching enzyme deficiency (alpha16 glycosidase)
If elevated lactate and uric acid = VonGierke's Disease = Glucose6Phosphatase deficiency = no gluconeogenesis or glycogenolysis |
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Cough, Conjunctivitis and Coryza (runny nose) + fever
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Measles (see "spilled paint" rash that starts at head and moves down)
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Eosinophilic globule in liver
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Councilman Bodies- Toxic/viral hepatitis or yellow fever
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Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic droplet-like inclusions in neurons
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Cowdry Type A bodies seen with herpes
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Bowman's Capsule Crescents
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Rapidly progressive GN
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Crigler-Najjar syndrome
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Congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to absent UDP glucuronyl transferase = severe neonatal jaundice
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Curling's Ulcer
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Gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
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Currant-jelly sputum
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Klebsiella
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Currant-jelly stool
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Intussception
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Pink/rusty sputum
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Strep pneumonia
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Curshmann's spirals
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Whorled mucous plugs seen with bronchial asthma
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Cushing's ulcer
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Gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
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Elevated d-Dimer
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Seen with DIC, pulmonary emboli, DVT, and Budd Chiari
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Depigmentation of the Substantia nigra
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Parkinson's Disease (due to decreased melanin secondary to decreased dopamine)
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Dermatitis, Dementia, and Diarrhea
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Pellagra from Niacin or Vit B3 deficiency (also can happen with B6 -INH- or tryptophan deficiency - Hartnup = decreased absorbtion, carcinoid = increased consumption - without B3 in diet)
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Rigidity, resting tremor, and bradykinesia
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Triad assoc with Parkinson's
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Dog or cat bite bug
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Pasteurella multocida
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Chest pain with pericardial rub/effusion and persistent fever a few weeks post MI
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Dressler's syndrome = Autoimmune fibrinous percarditis weeks after a MI
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Dublin Johnson Syndrome
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Congenital Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to defective liver excretion (black liver)
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X-linked deletion of dystrophin
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Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
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Eburnation
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Polished, ivory like bone associated with Osteoarthritis
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Infant with rocker-bottom feet, low set ears, small jaw, clenched hands, heart disease (structural defect), and decreased materal alphaFetal Protein
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Edward's syndrome = Trisomy 18
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Eisenmenger's complex
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Late cyanosis due to the conversion of a left to right shunt to a right to left shunt
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Elastic skin with joint hypermobility
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Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
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Neonate with arm paralysis after a difficult birth
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Erb-Duchenne palsy = Superior trunk injury (C5+6 = "waiter's tip" arm)
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Expanding bull's eye rash
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Erythema Chronicum Migrans associated with Lyme disease
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Short stature, increased incidence of tumors and leukemia (AML) and aplastic anemia
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Fanconi's anemia = Genetically inherited aplastic anemia
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Polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances
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Fanconi's Syndrome = Proximal tubular reabsorbtion defect = increased loss of amino acids and such. Assoc with expired tetracycline or heavy metal poisoning
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Depression
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Hypothyroidism or hyperparathyroidism
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Yellow CSF
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Xanthochromia = older subarachnoid hemorrhage
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The "f"'s of acute cholecystitis (risk factors)
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fat, female, fourty, fertile
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Triglyceride accumulation in liver vacuoles
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Fatty liver (hepatic steatosis) causes = Alcoholism, tylenol, HIV drugs (stavudine, didanosine), and metabolic syndrome
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Iron containing nodules in alveolar septum (prussian blue stain)
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Ferruginous bodies due to Asbestosis
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Colon polyps + osteomas and soft tissue tumors + supernumerary/impacted teeth
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Gardner's syndrome (they're just "growing" tumors everywhere)
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Small granulomatous lesions in the lungs that may be calcified
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Gohn focus in primary TB (Gohn complex = focus + hilar node involvement)
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Hepatosplenomegly, osteoporosis, aseptic femoral necrosis, and neurologic symptoms
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Gaucher's disease = Glucocerebrosidase deficiency (associated with crinkled tissue paper cytoplasm)
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Gilbert's syndrome
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benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to decreased UDP-glucuronyl transferase or bilirubin uptake. Seen in 2% of the population. Stress related - responds to phenobarbital
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Mucosal bleeding with prolonged bleeding time but normal PT/PTT
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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia = Defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GPIIb/IIIa
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Goodpasture's syndrome
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Autoantibodies against alveolar and glomerular basement membrane proteins
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Child uses arms to stand up from a squat due to lack of strength in the leg muscles
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Gowers' maneuver = Duchenne's patients
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Rapidly progressive leg weakness that's ascending following a GI/URI infection
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Guillian-Barre syndrome = Idiopathic polyneuritis associated with ascending paralysis with intact sensory and elevated CSF protein with normal cell count (albuminocytologic dissociation)
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"hair on end" x ray
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Marrow hyperplasia seen with beta thalassemia and sickle cell anemia due to extramedullary hematopoesis
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Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
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Chronic progressive histiocytosis
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Increase in HbF
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Seen with Thalassemia major
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Elevated hCG
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Pregnancy, hydatidiform mole, non-semanoma testicular germ cell tumor, choriocarcinoma
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Herberden's nodes
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Osteophytic DIP swelling due to osteoarthritis
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Small, round RBC inclusions
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Heinz bodies = Denatured hemoglobin seen in G6PD deficiency, alpha thalassemia (beta chain precipitation), or chronic liver disease
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Henoch-Schonlein purpura
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Hypersensitivity vasculitis associated with hemorrhagic urticaria (lower extremety), URI, IgA nephropathy, and arthralgia
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Hertophil antibodies
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Cross reactive antibodies seen with infectious mononucleosis (EBV) (and syphilis although then it's called RPR)
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High-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy) with edema and polyneuropathy
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Wet Beriberi due to a vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency
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HLA-B27
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"PAIR" = psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease arthritis, and reiter's syndrome
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HLA-DR3/4
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DM I
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Radial arrangement of tumor cells around central fibril tangle
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Homer-wright rosettes = adrenal neuroblastoma, CNS medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma, or Ewing's sarcoma
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Honey-comb lung on xray
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Interstitial fibrosis seen with amiodarone, bleomycin, busulfan, phenytoin, and nitrofurantoin
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Horner's syndrome
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Ptosis, myosis, and anhidrosis due to an interuption in cervical sympathetics
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Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
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Howell-Jolly bodies seen in splenectomy pts (removed due to sickle cell, ITP, hereditary spherocytosis, and trauma)
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chorea (random, uncontrollable jerky movements), caudate degeneration, and dementia
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Huntington's disease = AD CAG repeat on chromosome 4, will see decreased ACh and GABA
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Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, and hyperdocility
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Milad. (minus the docile part but I really don't understand how someone could be hypersexual and exploring the environment with their mouth and still be "docile" like those with Kulver-Bucy = bilateral amygdala lesions)
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Skin hyperpigmentation
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Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addisons - due to increased ACTH leading to increased MSH)
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Hypersegmented PMNs
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Macrocytic anemia due to B12 or folate deficiency
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Hypertension + hypokalemia
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Conns Syndrome (primary increase in aldosterone = metabolic alkalosis and decreased renin levels)
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Hypochromic microcytosis
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Fe def anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia, and anemia of chronic disease
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Increased alphaFetal Protein in amnion/mother
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Anencephaly, spina bifida/neural tube defects, omphalocele, gastroschesis
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Increased serum uric acid levels
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Gout, lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop/thiazide diuretics
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Small, nontender, erythematous lesions on palms and soles
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Janeway lesions seen with endocarditis
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h/a, myalgias, skin lesions, fever following antibiotic tx for syphillis
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Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction: Overaggressive treatment = rapid lysis = increased treponemal ag and endotoxin
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Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, and high serum IgE
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Job's syndrome = Hyper IgE = abnormalities in PMN chemotaxis = cold abcesses (and these pts are also ugly with a doughy face)
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visualized as dark papular lesions on skin/mucous membranes
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Kaposi's Sarcoma = HHV-8 virus causing vascular proliferation in AIDs pts
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chronic bronchiectasis and sinusitis, sterility, and dexrocardia (situs inversus)
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Kartagener's syndrome = Dynein defect = dysfunctional cilia
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Green-yellow pigment in corneal-scleral margin
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Kayser-Fleischer rings due to copper deposition in Wilson's disease
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Keratin pearls
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Nodular hyaline deposits in the glomeruli
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Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules = Diabetic nephropathy
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Kluver-Bucy syndrome
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bilateral amygdala lesions = hyperphagia, hyperorality, hypersexuality, and hyperdocility
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Dysplastic Squamous cervical cells with perinuclear cytoplasmic clearing and hyperchromasia
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Koilocytes seen in HPV
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Small, irregular red spots with blue-white centers seen on the buccal or lingual mucosa
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Koplik spots = measles
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Krukenberg tumor
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Bilateral ovarian tumors (often with signet ring cells) due to metastasis from a gastric adenocarcinoma
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Deep, labored breathing with hyperventilation
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Kussmaul hyperpnea = diabetic ketoacidosis as they try to blow off CO2
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Lens dislocation + aortic dissection + joint hyperflexibility
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Marfan's syndrome (fibrilin deficit). Lens dislocation also seen in homocysteinuria. Marfanoid habitus also seen with MEN IIb
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Boy with gout, mental retardation and self-mutilating behavior
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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome = HGPRT deficiency
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intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in neurons
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Lewy bodies seen with Parkinson's
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Libman-Sacks disease
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Endocarditis associated with SLE
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Thrombi made of white/red layers
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Lines of Zahn - layers of alternating fibrin and RBC seen with artial thrombi
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Lisch nodules
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Pigmented hamartomas of the iris seen with neurofibromatosis type I (vonRecklinghausen's disease)
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Low serum ciruloplasmin
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Wilson's disease (due to increased copper)
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Lucid interval after trauma
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Seen with epidural hematoma (will see a biconcave lesion that respects suture lines on imaging)
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"Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on IF
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Post-strep glomerulonephritis
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Lytic bone lesions on x-ray
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Multiple myeloma
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cells
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Mallory bodies seen in alcoholic liver disease (versus eosinophilic cells, councilman)
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome
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tears at the gastroesophageal junction due to severe retching presenting with hematemesis (often assoc with bulemia or alcoholism)
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Borehaave's syndrome
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Complete rupture of the esophagus due to severe retching
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Chronic exercise intolerance with cramping, weakness, and myoglobinuria
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McArdle's Disease = Muscle phosphorylase deficiency (glycogen storage disease)
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McBurney's sign
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Rebound tenderness 2/3 from umbilical to iliac spine due to appendicitis
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Conjugate lateral gaze palsy and horizontal diploplia
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MLF syndrome (intranuclear opthalmoplegia) = Weak adduction and nystagmus on abduction with lateral gaze seen in pts with Multiple sclerosis (if bilateral, stroke pts if unilateral)
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Monoclonal antibody spike
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M protein seen with Multiple myeloma (IgG/IgA), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM), or monocolonal gammopathy of undertermined significance
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Cutaneous/dermal edema due to increased CT elements
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Myxedema seen in hypothyroidism or Grave's disease
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Necrotizing vasculitis in the lungs + necrotizing glomerulonephritis
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Wegner's and Goodpasture's diseases (the first of which can also involve the upper airway)
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Needle-shaped negatively bifringent crystals
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Uric acid crystals seen in gout
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Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
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Negri bodies seen in Rabies (lyssavirus)
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Nephritis + hearing loss + cataracts
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Alport's syndrome
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Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
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Neurofibrillary tangles = Alzheimer's disease
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Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegly, neurodegeneration
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Niemann-Pick Disease = Sphingomyelinase deficiency (can see cherry red spot on macula during retinal exam)
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No postpartum lactation
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Sheehan's syndrome = pituitary infarction due to hypotension secondary to post-partum hemorrhage
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Nutmeg liver
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Congestion of the liver seen with CHF or budd-chiari
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Occupational asbestos exposure
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Malignant mesothelioma or bronchogenic carcinoma
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Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei
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Orphan annie eye nucleus seen in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
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Tender lesions on the pads of the fingers or toes
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Osler's nodes seen with infective endocarditis
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Enlarged cells with dark pink intranuclear inclusion bodies
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Owl's eye inclusion seen in CMV
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Eczematous dermatitis (red, itchy, swollen rash) of the nipple/areola
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Paget's disease of the breast: representing underlying neoplasm
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Bone pain and enlargement with arthritis
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Paget's disease of the bone (osteitis deformans) = Increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity
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Painless jaundice
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Common bile duct abstruction caused by pancreatic cancer in the head of the pancreas (also see anemia and painless gallbladder enlargement - Courvoisier's gallbladder)
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Palpable purpura on legs and buttocks
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Henoch-Schonlein purpura (hypersensitivity vasculitis due to IgA complex deposition = nephritis and abdominal pain)
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Pancoast's tumor
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Apical bronchogenic tumor that compresses the cervical sympathetic ganglion = Horner's syndrome (unilateral facial ptosis, miosis and anhydrosis)
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Pannus
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granulation tissue from proliferating fibroblasts and inflamm cells that is eroding cartilage in RA
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Akinesia, postural instability, resting tremor, and rigidity
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Nigrostriatal dopamine depletion = Parkinson's Disease
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Periosteal elevation on xray
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Codman's Triangle seen with pyogenic ostomyelitis and osteosarcoma
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Hamartomatous GI polyps with hyperpigmentation of the hands, feet, and mouth
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Peutz-Jegher's syndrome = can have bowel obstruction and increased risk of colon cancer
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Peyronie's disease
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Penile fibrosis (usually dorsal-lateral palpable induration)
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Philadelphia Chromosome
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9-22 translocation = bcr-abl fusion gene seen in CML and occasionally ALL
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cytoplasmic filamentous spherical inclusions in neurons that stain with silver and aren't seen after death
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Pick bodies (made of tau). Assoc with Pick's disease.
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Pick's disease
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Progressive dementia with frontotemporal lobe atrophy with early onset personality changes (presentation similar to alzheimers)
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Pink puffer with dyspnea and hyperventilation
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Emphysema (panacinar caused by alpha1antitrypsin deficiency, centroacinar caused by smoking)
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Protruding tongue
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Cretinism, amyloidosis, acromegly
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Myocyte disarray
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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Esophageal webs (dysphagia) and glossitis with iron deficiency anemia
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Plummer-Vinson Syndrome (may progress to squamous cell carcinoma)
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Podagra
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Gout in the MP joint of hallux
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Podocyte fusion
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Minimal change disease
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Polyneuropathy, cardiac pathology, and edema
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Wet Beriberi (B1 deficiency)
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Polyneuropathy preceeded by a GI or respiratory infection
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Guillain Barre syndrome
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cardiomegly + exercise intolerance (kids) or respiratory failure + restrictive cardiomyopathy (adults)
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Pompe's Disease = Lysosomal glucosidase deficiency
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Port-wine stain
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nevus flammus hemangioma
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Positive anterior drawer sign
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ACL injury
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Pott's Disease
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Vertebral tuberculosis
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Pseudopalasading serpentine tumor cell arrangement
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Glioblastoma multiforme = most common and aggressive adult brain cancer
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Pseudorosetes
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Ewing's sarcoma, adrenal neuroblastoma, and medulloblastoma
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Ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis
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Horner's Syndrome: pancoast tumor
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Rash on palms and soles
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Secondary syphilis or Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever or hand-foot-and-mouth disease (coxsackie virus)
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Recurrect vasospasms in the extremities = painful, cold, and pale fingers/toes
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Raynaud's syndrome. Also assoc with Buerger's or CREST
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RBC casts in urine
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Acute GN
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Recurrent pulmonary pseudomonas and s.aureus infections
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Cystic Fibrosis = fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs
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Red urine in the morning
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Paroxysmal noctural hemoglobinuria = CD 55/59 defect. Dx with ham's test
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Giant B cell with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eyes")
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Reed Sternberg cells: Hodgkin's Lymphoma
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Increased Reid Index
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= thick bronchial mucosal layer = Chronic Bronchitis
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Rectangular, crystal-like inclusions in leydig cells
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Reinke crystals - Leydig cell tumors (testosterone secreting = precocious puberty or hirutism)
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Urethritis, conjunctivitis, and arthritis
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Reiter's Syndrome - post GU/GI infection (normally in a male)
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Renal cell carcinoma, cavernous hemangioblastomas or angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
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von Hippel-Lindau disease = dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation
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renal epithelial casts in urine
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Acute toxic or viral nephrosis
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Rhomboid crystals that are positively bifringent
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Pseudogout (yellow crystals with perpendicular light)
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Rib notching
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coarctation of the aorta
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Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
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Roth spots = bacterial endocarditis
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Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
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Rotor's syndrome
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Stacks of RBCs
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Rouleaux formation - Multiple myeloma
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S3 heart sound
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L to R shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD), mitral regurg, LV failure (CHF) or post MI or dilated cardiomyopathy
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Nevus flammus in the trigeminal opthalamic + Seizures, metal retardation, hemiplegia and glaucoma
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Sturge-Weber
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S4 heart sound
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Aortic stenosis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
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Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
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Schiller-Duval bodies: Yolk sac tumor
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Extracellular amyloid deposition in grey matter of brain
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Senile plaques: Alzheimer's disease
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Generalized exfoliative erythroderma with LAD, HSM, and atypical T cells
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Sezary syndrome = Cutaneous T cell Lymphoma or Mycosis fungoides
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Absence of lactation after delivery
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Sheehan's syndrome = postpartum pituitary necrosis
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Cytokine dependent tissue damage leading to a hemorrhagic rash, vasculitis, and glomerular thrombosis during infection
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Schwartzman reaction seen with Neisseria Meningitis (due to endotoxin)
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Tumor with large cells with everything pushed to the edge of the cell due to mucin (looks like a ring)
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Signet ring cells associated with gastric carcinoma or lobular carcinoma insitu of the breast
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Single palmar crease
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Simian crease = down's syndrome
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Thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal tumors
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Sipple's syndrome = MEN type IIa
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Dry eyes, dry mouth, and arthritis
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Sjogren's syndrome (elderly females with anti-Ro/La (SSA/SSB). Associated with B cell lymphoma)
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Skip lesions of transmural inflammation
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Crohn's
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Slapped cheeks rash that spreads to body in kid with fever
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Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease from parvo B19)
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Infection that causes hydrops fetalis
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Parvo virus
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Smith antigen
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SLE
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Smudge cell
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CLL
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Soap bubble on x-ray
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Giant cell tumor in bone (mostly seen in pts 20-40 y/o)
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Spike and doam on EM
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Membranous GN
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Spitz nevus
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Benign juvenile melanoma
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Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
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Endocarditis
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Strawberry tongue
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Scarlet fever or Kawasaki's or toxic shock syndrome
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Strawberry cervix
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Trich infections
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Streaky ovaries, congenital heart disease, and horseshoe kidney
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Turner's syndrome (45XO = webbed neck, short stature, lymphedema, no secondary sex characteristics and amenorrhea)
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Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
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String sign: Crohn's
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Subepithelial humps on EM
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Post-strep GN
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Suboccipital lymphadenopathy
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Rubella
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Sulfur granules
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Actinomyces israelii
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Swollen gums and mucosal bleeding, bruising, poor wound healing, spots on skin, anemia
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Scurvy (vit C/ascorbic acid deficiency) - necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine I collagen synthesis
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Crescendo-Decrescendo systolic ejection murmur
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aortic valve stenosis
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t(8;14)
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Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
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t(9;22)
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Philadelphia chromosome (bcr-abl) = CML
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t(14;18)
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Follicular lymphoma (bcl-2 activation)
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Locomotor ataxia secondary to impaired proprioception due to degeneration of dorsal column nerves
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Tabes dorsalis in tertiary syphilis
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Tendon xanthomas
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Familial hypercholesterolemia = absence of LDL receptors
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Sacroilitis
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Ankylosing Spondylitis
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t(11;22)
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Ewing's sarcoma
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Thumb sign on xray
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Epiglottitis from HiB
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thyroidazation of kidney (dilated tubules filled with colloid cysts)
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chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
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Urate crystals surrounded by inflammation
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Tophi of gout
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"tram track" appearance on LM
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membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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hypercoagulability = Migratory DVTs and vasculitis (thrombophlebitis)
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Trousseau's sign of visceral cancer or pancreatic or lung adenocarcinoma
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Carpal spasm when a BP cuff is applied
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Trousseau's sign of hypocalcemia
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Left supraclavicular node enlargement and firmness
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Virchow's node - stomach/visceral cancer metastases
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Virchow's triad of clotting?
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blood stasis, endothelial damage and hypercoagulability = pulm embolism, dvt, etc
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Freckles under the arms with areas of hyperpigmentation
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von Recklinghausen's disease (neurofibromatosis)
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Brown tumor of bone (hemosiderin coloring osteolytic cysts)
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von Recklinghausen's disease of bone (osteitis fibrosa cystica) or hyperparathyroidism
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
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Adrenal hemorrhage due to meningococcemia, DIC, and shock
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Waxy casts in urine with low urine flow
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chronic end stage renal disease
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WBC casts in urine
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pyelonephritis
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WBCs in urine
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acute cystitis versus prostitis versus pyelonephritis
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Pancreatic, pituitary, and parathyroid tumors
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Wermer's syndrome = MEN type I
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Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, and adenopathy
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Whipple's disease = Malabsorbtion due to tropheryma whippelii
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Wilson's disease
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Copper accumulation leading to hepatolenticular degeneration
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"wire loop" appearance on LM
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lupus nephropathy
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"worst headache of my life"
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subarachnoid hemorrage - mostly due to berry aneurysm rupture (assoc with adult polycystic kidney disease, ehlers-danlos and marfans)
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xanthochromia on csf
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yellowing due to bilirubin build up from few days old subarachnoid hemorrhage
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Xerostomia + arthritis + keratoconjunctivitis sicca
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Sjogren's syndrome (elderly females with anti-Ro/La (SSA/SSB). Associated with B cell lymphoma)
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Zenker's diverticulum
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Upper GI diverticulum
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gastrin secreting tumor assoc with ulcers
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Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
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Bitemporal visual field defect
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pituitary adenoma vs craniopharyngioma vs anterior communicating artery aneurysm
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Back pain, fever, night sweats, and weight loss
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pott's disease (vertebral TB)
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Dog/cat bite = infection
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pasturella multocida
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Fever, night sweats, weight loss
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B symptoms of lymphoma
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Swollen hard and painful finger joints
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Osteoarthritis due to repeated mechanical trauma
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anti-topoisomerase Ab
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Diffuse systemic scleroderma
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Desquamated epithelial casts in sputum
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Curschmann's spirals (whorled mucous plugs in bronchial asthma)
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Onion skinning periosteal reaction
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Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round cell tumor)
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Serous/bloody nipple discharge
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Intraductal papilloma
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