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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Source of Gastrin?
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G cells (antrum of stomach)
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Source of CCK?
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I cells (duodenum, jejunum)
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Source of Secretin?
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S cells (duodenum)
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Source of Somatostatin?
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D cells (pancreatic islets, GI mucosa)
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Source of GIP?
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K cells (duodenum, jejunum)
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Source of VIP?
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Parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder, SI
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Source of Motilin?
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SI
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Source of Histamine?
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ECL Cells
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Source of Intrinsic factor?
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Parietal Cells
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Source of Gastric Acid?
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Parietal Cells
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Source of Gastric Acid?
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Parietal cells (stomach)
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Source of Pepsin?
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Chief cells (stomach)
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Source of HCO3?
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Mucosal cells (stomach, duodenum, salivary glands, pancreas and Brunner's glands in the duodenum)
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Action of Gastrin?
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Increase gastric H+ secretion
Increase growth of gastric mucosa Increase gastric motility |
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Action of CCK?
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Increase pancreatic secretion
Increase gallbladder contraction Decrease gastric emptying, sphincter of Oddi relaxation |
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Action of Secretin?
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Increase pancreatic HCO3- secretion
Increase Bile secretion Decrease Gastric Acid secretion |
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Action of Somatostatin?
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Decrease GA and pepsinogen secretion
Decrease pancreatic and SI fluid secretion Decrease gallbladder contraction Decrease insulin and glucagon release |
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Action of GIP?
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Exocrine: Decrease gastric H+ secretion
Endocrine: Increase insulin release (Glucose and Gastrin Inhibitory!) |
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Action of VIP?
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Increase intestinal water and electrolyte secretion
Increase relaxation of intestinal SM and sphincters |
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Action of NO?
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Increase SM relaxation, including LES
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Action of Motilin?
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Produces Migrating Motor Complexes (MMCs)
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Action of Intrinsic Factor?
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Vit B12 binding protein (required for uptake in terminal ileum)
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Action of Gastric Acid (GA)?
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Decrease stomach pH
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Action of Pepsin?
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protein digestion
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Action of HCO3-?
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neutralizes acid
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Gastrin secretion is increased by what?
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Increased by stomach distention/alkalinization, AA, peptides, vagal stimulation
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Gastrin secretion is decreased by what?
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Decreased by stomach pH of < 1.5
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CCK is increased by what?
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FA, AA
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Secretin is increased by what?
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acid, FA in lumen of duodenum
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Somatostatin is increased by what?
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Acid
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Somatostatin is decreased by what?
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Vagal stimulation
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GIP is increased by what?
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FA, AA, oral glucose
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VIP is increased by what?
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Distention and vagal stimulation
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VIP is decreased by what?
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adrenergic input
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Motilin is increased by what?
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fasting
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Gastric Acid is increased by what?
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Histamine, ACh, gastrin
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Gastric Acid is decreased by what?
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somatostatin, GIP, prostaglandin, secretin
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Pepsin is increased by what?
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vagal stimulation, local acid
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HCO3- is increased by what?
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pancreatic and bilary secretion with secretin
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What GI hormone is > in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?
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Gastrin
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What 2 amino acids are potent stimulators of gastrin?
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Phenylalanine and Tryptophan
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Source of histamine in the GI tract?
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ECL Cells
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Action of histamine in the GI tract?
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stimulate acid secretion via H2 receptors on parietal cells; > cAMP in parietal cells
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RF for Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)?
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Alcohol/Achalasia and Cigarettes
(SAC) |
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RF for Adenocarcinoma?
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Barret's, Esophageal web/Esophagitis, Diverticula (Zenkers)
(BED) |
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Where does SCC show up in the esophagus?
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Upper 2/3
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Where does adenocarcinoma show up in the esophagus?
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Lower 1/3
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RF for Barretts
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chronic GERD
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Explain the metaplasia of Barrett's esophagus and in what part of the esophagus?
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Glandular metaplasia: replacement of nonkeratinized (Stratified) squamous epithelium with intestinal (columnar) epithelium in the distal esophagus
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Name the retroperitoneal structures
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SAD PUCKER:
Suprarenal (adrenal) gland, Aorta and IVC, Duodenum, Pancreas, Ureters, Colon, Kidneys, Esophagus (lower 2/3) and Rectum (upper 2/3) |
