First Aid Fundamentals

Front 1

State the symptoms and treatment for the following heat related injuries: (ref. a,ch.20)
b) Heat stroke.

Back 1

Serious condition caused by a breakdown of the sweating mechanism of the body. Victim is unable to eliminate excessive body heat build up.
Symptoms; hot and/or dry skin, uneven pupil dilation, and weak,rapid pulse.
Treatment: Give the victim cold water, apply wet cold towelsto the body and move the victim to a cool place. Maintain an open airway,place the victim on his or her back, a cold bath will help.

Front 2

State the three methods of controlling bleeding.(ref.a,ch.20)

Back 2

a) Direct pressure.
b) Elevation.
c) Pressure points.

Front 3

State the difference between an "open" and "Closed" fracture. (ref.a,ch.20)

Back 3

Closed or simple fracture is one which is entirely internal. An open or compound fracture is one in which there is an open wound in the tissue or the skin.

Front 4

Identify an example of a pressure point.(ref. a,ch.20

Back 4

A pressure point is a place where a main artery to the injury area lies near the skin surface and over the bone.

Front 5

State the following as applied to electrical shock: (ref.a,ch.20)
a)Personnel rescue.
b) Treatment.

Back 5

a) Personnel rescue: Extreme caution must be used,you must not touch the victim's body. Until the power is been cut off or try to remove the body with an object that does not conduct electricity.
b) Treatment: Administer artificial ventilation immediatily if the elctric shok cause the breathing to stop. Check the pulse, if there is none, start CPR. Get the victim to a medical facility.

Front 6

State the symptoms and treatment for the followingheat related injuries:(ref.a,ch.20)
a)Heat exhaustion.

Back 6

Heat exhaustion:
Symptoms: Serious disturbance of blood flow to the brain,heart and lungs. The skin is cool,moist and clammy. Pupils dilated and normal or subnormal body temperature.
Treatment; Move the victim to an airconditioned area, loosen clothing, apply cool wet cloths to the head,groin and ankles.
Do not allow victim to become chilled. If victim is conscious, give a solution of salt/water mix and take it to a medical facility.

Front 7

Describe the methods for clearing an obstructed airway.(ref.a,ch.20)

Back 7

First action is to clear the mouth of any food particles or objects. If not effective use this methods:
1- Stand behind the victim and wrap your arms around the victim's waist, graps your wrist and place the thumb side of your fits against the victim's abdomen. Above the navel and just below the rib cage. Give four quick upward thrusts to the victim.
2- Reclining abdominal thrusts are used if the victim is laying down. Place your hands one on top of the other in the area between the lower end of the sternum and the navel. Give four quick upward thrust into the abdomen.

Front 8

Describe the three classifications of bunrs.(ref.a,ch.20)

Back 8

a) Firts degree.
b) Second degree.
c) Third degree.

Front 9

Discribe the effects of the following cold weather injuries:(ref,b,ch.4)
a) Hypothermia
b) superficial frostbite
c) Deep frostbite

Back 9

Hypothermia:Gen

Front 10

State the three objetives of first aid.(ref. a,ch.20

Back 10

a) Safe life.
b) Prevent further injury.
c)Prevent infection.

Front 11

Describe the symptoms and treatment for shock.(ref.a,ch.20

Back 11

Symptoms:Vacant or lacklustereyes,shallow or irregular breathing,cold,pale skin,nausea and weak or absent pulse.
Treatment: Lay the victim down with the feet elevated 6-12 inches. Cover the victim to maintain body heat.